INTRODUCTION As well known, the content in fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) represents a direct quality parameter to define the quality grade of virgin olive oil (VOOs) (limit set at ≤35 mg/kg oil for extra virgin olive oil category for EU regulation), and it is also considered an indirect parameter to detect fraudulent mixtures of EVOO with lower quality oils such as soft deodorized olive oils [1]. In this work, the official method has been revised to propose an alternative off-line procedure based on HPLC-GC-FID, more suitable in terms of time of analysis, volume of solvents and level of complexity. Specifically, the analytical protocol proposed HPLC for collecting FAEEs from VOOs instead of the traditional liquid chromatography of the official method. Moreover, a programmed temperature vaporizer (PTV) injector was tested as an alternative to the on-column one because PTV is considered a more versatile option as the temperature control is time-programmed and the injection mode (split/splitless) can be optimized. The performance of the alternative method was evaluated, checking the results in terms of several parameters regarding in-house validation protocol [2]. For this control, specific kinds of samples as refined olive oil spiked with five concentrations of a pure standard of analytes of interest and real VOOs characterized by different contents of FAEEs (low, medium, high) were analyzed applying in parallel the two methods (alternative vs official) (see the Figure). RESULTS The main advantages of this revised protocol may be summarized as: i) significant reduction in time and solvents needed (reduction of more than 50% and 80% for time and solvents, respectively compared to the official procedure); ii) simplification of the separation step of FAEEs fraction avoiding the manual packing of the glass column for the liquid chromatography; iii) satisfactory performance in terms of in-house validation results: linearity showed linear response between 2.5 and 50 mg/L; percentages of standard deviation related to intra-day and inter-day precision were lower than 15%; LOD and LOQ were lower than 1 and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively; in the case of the concentration of FAEEs closer to the legal limit, the recoveries of each analyte were higher than 94%; iv) no significant differences were evidenced for analytes of interest when the alternative procedure offline HPLC-GC-FID with PTV injector was applied to actual samples with low, medium and high content of FAEEs with respect to the official method.
INTRODUZIONE Come ben noto, il contenuto in etil esteri degli acidi grassi (EEAGs) è considerato un parametro diretto di qualità da applicarsi per definire l’appartenenza di oli vergini di oliva (VOOs) ad una specifica categoria (limite fissato a ≤35 mg/kg per la categoria extra vergine di oliva per la legislazione UE) ed è anche ritenuto un parametro indiretto utile per mettere in luce possibili miscele fraudolente tra un olio extra vergine di oliva ed un olio soft deodorato [1]. In questo lavoro è stato proposto un approccio analitico alternativo al metodo ufficiale con lo scopo di offrire una procedura non in linea HPLC-GC-FID migliora tiva in termini di tempo di analisi, volume di solventi e livello di complessità. Più nello specifico, è stato impiegato l’HPLC per collezionare i EEAGs dagli oli vergini di oliva (VOOs) al posto della tradizionale cromatografia liquida su colonna. Inoltre, è stato testato anche un iniettore di vaporizzazione a temperatura programmata (PTV) come possibile alternativa a quello on-column poichè il PTV è considerato più versatile consentendo il controllo programmato e l’ottimizzazione della modalità di iniezione (split/splitless). Le prestazioni del metodo alternativo sono state valutate controllando i risultati ottenuti per differenti parametri che caratterizzano il protocollo di validazione interna [2]. A tale scopo, sono state analizzate tipologie specifiche di campioni quali olio di oliva raffinato aggiunto di cinque concentrazioni diverse di standard puri degli analiti di interesse e campioni reali VOOs caratterizzati da concentrazioni diverse di EEAGs (basso, medio ed alto contenuto di EEAGs) ed applicando in parallelo i due metodi (alternativo vs ufficiale).
Palagano, R., Valli, E., Tura, M., Cevoli, C., Perez-Camino, M.C., Moreda, W., et al. (2021). FATTY ACID ETHYL ESTERS IN VIRGIN OLIVE OILS: IN-HOUSE VALIDATION OF A REVISED METHOD [ESTERI ETILICI DI ACIDI GRASSI IN OLI VERGINI DI OLIVA: VALIDAZIONE INTERNA DI UN METODO REVISIONATO]. LA RIVISTA ITALIANA DELLE SOSTANZE GRASSE, 98(4 Special issue), 306-308.
FATTY ACID ETHYL ESTERS IN VIRGIN OLIVE OILS: IN-HOUSE VALIDATION OF A REVISED METHOD [ESTERI ETILICI DI ACIDI GRASSI IN OLI VERGINI DI OLIVA: VALIDAZIONE INTERNA DI UN METODO REVISIONATO]
Palagano R.;Valli E.;Tura M.;Cevoli C.;Bendini A.
;Toschi T. G.
2021
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As well known, the content in fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) represents a direct quality parameter to define the quality grade of virgin olive oil (VOOs) (limit set at ≤35 mg/kg oil for extra virgin olive oil category for EU regulation), and it is also considered an indirect parameter to detect fraudulent mixtures of EVOO with lower quality oils such as soft deodorized olive oils [1]. In this work, the official method has been revised to propose an alternative off-line procedure based on HPLC-GC-FID, more suitable in terms of time of analysis, volume of solvents and level of complexity. Specifically, the analytical protocol proposed HPLC for collecting FAEEs from VOOs instead of the traditional liquid chromatography of the official method. Moreover, a programmed temperature vaporizer (PTV) injector was tested as an alternative to the on-column one because PTV is considered a more versatile option as the temperature control is time-programmed and the injection mode (split/splitless) can be optimized. The performance of the alternative method was evaluated, checking the results in terms of several parameters regarding in-house validation protocol [2]. For this control, specific kinds of samples as refined olive oil spiked with five concentrations of a pure standard of analytes of interest and real VOOs characterized by different contents of FAEEs (low, medium, high) were analyzed applying in parallel the two methods (alternative vs official) (see the Figure). RESULTS The main advantages of this revised protocol may be summarized as: i) significant reduction in time and solvents needed (reduction of more than 50% and 80% for time and solvents, respectively compared to the official procedure); ii) simplification of the separation step of FAEEs fraction avoiding the manual packing of the glass column for the liquid chromatography; iii) satisfactory performance in terms of in-house validation results: linearity showed linear response between 2.5 and 50 mg/L; percentages of standard deviation related to intra-day and inter-day precision were lower than 15%; LOD and LOQ were lower than 1 and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively; in the case of the concentration of FAEEs closer to the legal limit, the recoveries of each analyte were higher than 94%; iv) no significant differences were evidenced for analytes of interest when the alternative procedure offline HPLC-GC-FID with PTV injector was applied to actual samples with low, medium and high content of FAEEs with respect to the official method.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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