Osmotic dehydration of organic kiwifruit pre-treated by pulsed electric fields: Internal transport and transformations analyzed by NMR

This work analyzes the effect of Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) as a pre-treatment of the osmotic dehydration (OD) of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv Hayward) in the internal structure and in the internal water transport. PEF pre-treatments were done using three PEF intensities (100, 250 and 400 V/cm) and analyzed by TD-NMR. The OD was carried out by immersing the samples in 61.5% sucrose solution at 25 °C. The application of a PEF pre-treatment before the OD produces a process of plasmolysis proportional to the electric field applied. It is because the PEF removes the mobile charges of the medium, such as electrolytes, organic acids, amino acids; Ca+ 2 is the major culprit of the plasmolysis because it fixes some of the junctions of the microtubules between the cell wall and the membrane. Therefore, a previous plasmolysis produces an increase in the apoplastic transport increasing the rate of dehydration. Industrial relevance This research describes the effect of the PEF pre-treatment of osmotic dehydration in the microstructure and in the internal water liquid phases transports of the kiwifruit tissue by using TD-NMR. The results of this research have demonstrated that the application of an electric field prior to the osmotic dehydration produces a process of plasmolysis more the greater the electric field applied, due to the elimination of the mobile charges of the medium and mainly affecting the internal transports. Therefore, PEF pre-treatment accelerate the OD treatment preserving the structure and consequently remaining the life cycles, necessaries to obtain a long shelf life of the product. It has been demonstrated the useful of the TD-NMR as a technique able to analyzed the effect of PEF at a microstructural degree.