Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis, a chronic contagious bacterial disease primarily affecting dairy cattle. Paratuberculosis represents a dual problem for the milk production chain: in addition to economic losses to affected herds, MAP may have zoonotic potential. Infected herds must be identified in order to implement programs designed to reduce the incidence of disease within and between herds and to prevent MAP from entering the food chain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a screening sampling plan (SSP) to detect MAP-positive dairy cattle herds by repetitive analysis of bulk tank milk (BTM) samples by ELISA and in-line milk filter (ILMF) samples by realtime PCR. Samples from BTM and ILMF were collected twice from 569 dairy herds in southern Italy. Additionally, 12,312 individual milk samples were collected: 9,509 from 102 SSP-positive herds and 2,803 from 24 randomly selected SSP-negative herds. In our study we detected a total of 121 SSP-positive herds (i.e., 21.3%; 95% CI: 18.0-24.9%); the within-herd apparent prevalence (AP) ranged between 0.00 and 22.7% (mean 5.7%). A significant difference in withinherd AP was shown between SSP-positive herds and SSP-negative herds. A highly significant association was shown between the median AP herd status (>5%) and positivity to at least one ILMF or BTM sample. The SSP detected a minimum of 56.2% of low AP herds (AP ≤2.0%) up to a maximum of 100% of herds with a within-herd AP ≥8.0%. Overall, the SSP detected 85.6% of herds in which at least one individual milk sample was positive by ELISA. The proposed SSP was an inexpensive and useful tool to detect MAP-positive herds with a higher risk of infection diffusion and milk contamination. Although the SSP cannot be used for MAPfree certification of herds, it could be useful to prioritize appropriate control measures aimed at reducing the prevalence of infection in dairy herds and milk contamination.

In questo lavoro è stata valutata la prevalenza di aziende di bovine da latte infette da Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in tre Regioni dell’Italia meridionale attraverso una procedura di screening che prevedeva l’analisi ripetuta sia di campioni di latte di massa (esaminati mediante test ELISA), sia dei filtri dell’impianto di mungitura (esaminati mediante real-time PCR) e prelevati in 569 allevamenti da latte. Un totale di 121 allevamenti sono risultati positivi allo screening (21,3%; IC 95%: 18,0-24,9%). Per stimare la prevalenza apparente intra-aziendale (PA), in 102 dei 121 allevamenti risultati positivi allo screening è stato esaminato, mediante test ELISA, il latte individuale di tutti gli animali in lattazione. Il prelievo del latte individuale è stato realizzato anche in un campione casuale di 24 aziende risultate negative allo screening. Complessivamente, sono stati sottoposti a test ELISA 12312 campioni di latte individuale. La PA varia dallo 0,0% al 22,7% (media 5,7%). Il confronto tra i dati delle diverse Regioni non ha evidenziato differenze significative della prevalenza di aziende infette o della PA intra-aziendale. La procedura di screening è stata in grado di rilevare il 56,2% degli allevamenti con PA ≤2,0% fino ad un massimo del 100% degli allevamenti con PA ≥8,0%. Complessivamente, la procedura di screening è in grado di individuare l’85,6% degli allevamenti con almeno 1 capo positivo al test ELISA del latte individuale. La procedura di screening utilizzata è relativamente economica (circa 60 euro) e rappresenta un utile strumento per l’individuazione di allevamenti ad alto rischio di diffusione dell’infezione e contaminazione del latte. Potrebbe quindi essere applicata, nel contesto di piani volti a ridurre la prevalenza di infezione negli allevamenti da latte e/o a ridurre la contaminazione del latte, per assegnare una scala di priorità adeguata alle misure di controllo da adottare nei singoli allevamenti.

Valutazione della prevalenza di aziende da latte infette da Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis nel sud Italia / F. OSTANELLO; A. SERRAINO; N. ARRIGONI; M. RICCHI; P. BONILAURI; F. GIACOMETTI. - In: LARGE ANIMALS REVIEW. - ISSN 1124-4593. - STAMPA. - 1:(2015), pp. 13-21.

Valutazione della prevalenza di aziende da latte infette da Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis nel sud Italia

OSTANELLO, FABIO;SERRAINO, ANDREA;GIACOMETTI, FEDERICA
2015

Abstract

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis, a chronic contagious bacterial disease primarily affecting dairy cattle. Paratuberculosis represents a dual problem for the milk production chain: in addition to economic losses to affected herds, MAP may have zoonotic potential. Infected herds must be identified in order to implement programs designed to reduce the incidence of disease within and between herds and to prevent MAP from entering the food chain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a screening sampling plan (SSP) to detect MAP-positive dairy cattle herds by repetitive analysis of bulk tank milk (BTM) samples by ELISA and in-line milk filter (ILMF) samples by realtime PCR. Samples from BTM and ILMF were collected twice from 569 dairy herds in southern Italy. Additionally, 12,312 individual milk samples were collected: 9,509 from 102 SSP-positive herds and 2,803 from 24 randomly selected SSP-negative herds. In our study we detected a total of 121 SSP-positive herds (i.e., 21.3%; 95% CI: 18.0-24.9%); the within-herd apparent prevalence (AP) ranged between 0.00 and 22.7% (mean 5.7%). A significant difference in withinherd AP was shown between SSP-positive herds and SSP-negative herds. A highly significant association was shown between the median AP herd status (>5%) and positivity to at least one ILMF or BTM sample. The SSP detected a minimum of 56.2% of low AP herds (AP ≤2.0%) up to a maximum of 100% of herds with a within-herd AP ≥8.0%. Overall, the SSP detected 85.6% of herds in which at least one individual milk sample was positive by ELISA. The proposed SSP was an inexpensive and useful tool to detect MAP-positive herds with a higher risk of infection diffusion and milk contamination. Although the SSP cannot be used for MAPfree certification of herds, it could be useful to prioritize appropriate control measures aimed at reducing the prevalence of infection in dairy herds and milk contamination.
2015
Valutazione della prevalenza di aziende da latte infette da Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis nel sud Italia / F. OSTANELLO; A. SERRAINO; N. ARRIGONI; M. RICCHI; P. BONILAURI; F. GIACOMETTI. - In: LARGE ANIMALS REVIEW. - ISSN 1124-4593. - STAMPA. - 1:(2015), pp. 13-21.
F. OSTANELLO; A. SERRAINO; N. ARRIGONI; M. RICCHI; P. BONILAURI; F. GIACOMETTI
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11585/434367
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