RedMulE-FT: A Reconfigurable Fault-Tolerant Matrix Multiplication Engine

As safety-critical applications increasingly rely on data-parallel floating-point computations, there is an increasing need for flexible and configurable fault tolerance in parallel floating-point accelerators such as tensor engines. While replication-based methods ensure reliability but incur high area and power costs, error correction codes lack the flexibility to trade off robustness against performance. This work presents RedMulE-FT, a runtime-configurable fault-tolerant extension of the RedMulE matrix multiplication accelerator, balancing fault tolerance, area overhead, and performance impacts. The fault tolerance mode is configured in a shadowed context register file before task execution. By combining replication with error-detecting codes to protect the data path, RedMulE-FT achieves an 11 × uncorrected fault reduction with only area overhead. Full protection extends to control signals, resulting in no functional errors after 1M injections during our extensive fault injection simulation campaign, with a total area overhead of while maintaining a 500 MHz frequency in a 12 nm technology.