Bergamot (Citrus bergamia, Risso et Poiteau) is mainly cultivated in Calabria area (Italy) for the extraction of essential oil that is widely used in cosmetics, food and traditional medicine [1]. Quality of essential oil is different throughout the harvest season (November to February), so the aim of the study was to evaluate the volatile composition of essential oil at different harvesting time. Two different cultivars, Femminello and Fantastico were collected at three different times (November, December, January). The fruit peel was grated and the essence collected with a cold extraction, then volatile compounds concentration was determined by SPME GC-MS. Fourty-eight compounds grouped in monoterpenes, monoterpene alcohols, sesquiterpenes, esters and aldehydes were identified according to previous studies [2,3]. Monoterpens was the preponderant group; limonene was the most representative compound with similar concentration both in the varieties and at the three harvesting times. Femminello showed a higher concentration of (Z)--ocimene, β – Mircene and -terpinene, while Fantastico had higher concentration of trans--bergamottene, -pinene and citronellal. The concentration of β-pinene was higher in Fantastico at the second harvest and in Femminello in January; γ – Terpinene concentration was higher in Femminello at the first and last harvest and in Fantastico in December. In the monoterpenes alcohol group, linalool was the most preponderant compound with a significant higher concentration in Femminello and no significative differences among the three harvest times. Between sesquiterpenes, cis - γ – Bisabolene was the most preponderant compound that was more concentrated in Fantastico’s essential oil and showed a significant higher concentration in December and January. Linalyl acetate and nonyl were the most abundant compounds in the ester group, with significant higher concentration in Fantastico. Fantastico seems to be the variety that produces higher VOC’s in essential oil; in addition, the volatile compounds concentration was higher at the second and third harvest time.
EFFECT OF HARVESTING TIME ON VOLATILE COMPOSITION OF BERGAMOT (CITRUS BERGAMIA) ESSENTIAL OIL
Silvia Marzocchi;Elena Baldi;Moreno Toselli;Maria Fiorenza Caboni
2018
Abstract
Bergamot (Citrus bergamia, Risso et Poiteau) is mainly cultivated in Calabria area (Italy) for the extraction of essential oil that is widely used in cosmetics, food and traditional medicine [1]. Quality of essential oil is different throughout the harvest season (November to February), so the aim of the study was to evaluate the volatile composition of essential oil at different harvesting time. Two different cultivars, Femminello and Fantastico were collected at three different times (November, December, January). The fruit peel was grated and the essence collected with a cold extraction, then volatile compounds concentration was determined by SPME GC-MS. Fourty-eight compounds grouped in monoterpenes, monoterpene alcohols, sesquiterpenes, esters and aldehydes were identified according to previous studies [2,3]. Monoterpens was the preponderant group; limonene was the most representative compound with similar concentration both in the varieties and at the three harvesting times. Femminello showed a higher concentration of (Z)--ocimene, β – Mircene and -terpinene, while Fantastico had higher concentration of trans--bergamottene, -pinene and citronellal. The concentration of β-pinene was higher in Fantastico at the second harvest and in Femminello in January; γ – Terpinene concentration was higher in Femminello at the first and last harvest and in Fantastico in December. In the monoterpenes alcohol group, linalool was the most preponderant compound with a significant higher concentration in Femminello and no significative differences among the three harvest times. Between sesquiterpenes, cis - γ – Bisabolene was the most preponderant compound that was more concentrated in Fantastico’s essential oil and showed a significant higher concentration in December and January. Linalyl acetate and nonyl were the most abundant compounds in the ester group, with significant higher concentration in Fantastico. Fantastico seems to be the variety that produces higher VOC’s in essential oil; in addition, the volatile compounds concentration was higher at the second and third harvest time.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
