Organizations under stress: the emotional resource

This paper explores organizational identification antecedents and consequences within two business firms facing the adoption of a new information technology system (the first study) and a change of management program (the second study). We find that emotions play a significant role in reinforcing organizational identification during high pressure periods, and also confirm the positive role of wellknown images in the organizational identification literature (e.g. perceived organizational identity). Moreover, both studies highlight strong evidence of positive extra role behaviors and attitudes, enlarging the scope of the extant literature. We used structural equation models to test our hypotheses on samples of 1442 (the first study) and 2528 (the second study) employees of two Italian companies operating on a global scale.