Memoriali iberici post-dittatoriali: la Valle de los Caídos e il Museu do Aljube

History Museums on Twentieth-century dictatorships provide an interesting point of view to reflect on the thorny matter concerning the connections between controversial past, divided memories, and public history. Both the existence and the absence of museum exhibitions dedicated to the own dictatorial experience reveal some important implications of the problem to rethink the national past without obscuring its darkest pages. This article, with a comparative approach, will focus on two case studies, namely post-Salazarist Portugal and post-Francoist Spain, in order to explain how in Iberian countries the memory of the dictatorships has been revisited by the making of exhibition places. In particular, I will take into consideration two opposite examples of representation of the dictatorial past: the Museu do Aljube, in Lisbon, and the monumental memorial called Valle de los Caídos, near Madrid.