Toward a Digital Twin: Combining Sensing, Machine Learning, and Data Visualization for the Effective Management of a Coastal Lagoon Environment

Coastal lagoons serve as highly productive ecosystems, delivering essential ecosystem services contributing to human welfare and well-being. Unfortunately, these intricate systems are particularly vulnerable to climatic and anthropogenic pressures, such as intensive agriculture and extensive urbanization. This paper presents a Digital Twin prototype of the Mar Menor lagoon in Spain, that utilizes environmental data collected from sensors and predicted data generated through machine learning algorithms. It covers the prototype's architecture, the corresponding API layer designed for interoperability with other systems, and its data visualization dashboard aimed at enhancing decision-making processes.