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The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment prepares its Phase-2 upgrade for the high-luminosity era of the LHC operation (HL-LHC). Due to the increase of occupancy, trigger latency and rates, the full electronics of the CMS Drift Tube (DT) chambers will need to be replaced. In the new design, the time bin for the digitization of the chamber signals will be of around 1 ns, and the totality of the signals will be forwarded asynchronously to the service cavern at full resolution. The new backend system will be in charge of building the trigger primitives of each chamber. These trigger primitives contain the information at chamber level about the muon candidates position, direction, and collision time, and are used as input in the L1 CMS trigger. The added functionalities will improve the robustness of the system against ageing. An algorithm based on analytical solutions for reconstructing the DT trigger primitives, called Analytical Method, has been implemented both as a software C++ emulator and in firmware. Its performance has been estimated using the software emulator with simulated and real data samples, and through hardware implementation tests. Measured efficiencies are 96 to 98% for all qualities and time and spatial resolutions are close to the ultimate performance of the DT chambers. A prototype chain of the HL-LHC electronics using the Analytical Method for trigger primitive generation has been installed during Long Shutdown 2 of the LHC and operated in CMS cosmic data taking campaigns in 2020 and 2021. Results from this validation step, the so-called Slice Test, are presented.

The Analytical Method algorithm for trigger primitives generation at the LHC Drift Tubes detector / Abbiendi, G.; Alcaraz Maestre, J.; Álvarez Fernández, A.; Álvarez González, B.; Amapane, N.; Bachiller, I.; Barcellan, L.; Baldanza, C.; Battilana, C.; Bellato, M.; Bencze, G.; Benettoni, M.; Beni, N.; Benvenuti, A.; Bergnoli, A.; Blanco Ramos, L.C.; Borgonovi, L.; Bragagnolo, A.; Cafaro, V.; Calderon, A.; Calvo, E.; Carlin, R.; Carrillo Montoya, C.A.; Cavallo, F.R.; Cela Ruiz, J.M.; Cepeda, M.; Cerrada, M.; Checchia, P.; Ciano, L.; Colino, N.; Corti, D.; Cotto, G.; Crupano, A.; Cuadrado Calzada, S.; Cuevas, J.; Cuffiani, M.; Dallavalle, G.M.; Dattola, D.; De La Cruz, B.; de Lara Rodríguez, C.I.; De Remigis, P.; Erice Cid, C.; Eliseev, D.; Fabbri, F.; Fanfani, A.; Fasanella, D.; Bedoya, C.F.; de Trocóniz, J.F.; Fernández del Val, D.; Fernández Menéndez, J.; Fernández Ramos, J.P.; Folgueras, S.; Fouz, M.C.; Francia Ferrero, D.; García Romero, J.; Gasparini, F.; Gasparini, U.; Giordano, V.; Gonella, F.; González Caballero, I.; González Fernández, J.R.; González López, O.; Goy López, S.; Gozzelino, A.; Griggio, A.; Grosso, G.; Guandalini, C.; Guiducci, L.; Gulmini, M.; Hebbeker, T.; Hoepfner, K.; Isocrate, R.; Josa, M.I.; Kiani, B.; León Holgado, J.; Lo Meo, S.; Lusiani, E.; Lunerti, L.; Marcellini, S.; Margoni, M.; Mariotti, C.; Martín Martín, I.; Martínez Morales, J.J.; Maselli, S.; Masetti, G.; Meneguzzo, A.T.; Merschmeyer, M.; Migliorini, M.; Modenese, L.; Molnar, J.; Montecassiano, F.; Mora Martínez, J.; Moran, D.; Mukherjee, S.; Navarrete, J.J.; Navarria, F.; Navarro Tobar, A.; Nowotny, F.; Palencia Cortezón, E.; Passaseo, M.; Pazzini, J.; Pelliccioni, M.; Perrotta, A.; Philipps, B.; Piedra Gomez, J.; Primavera, F.; Puerta Pelayo, J.; Puras Sánchez, J.C.; Ramón Álvarez, C.; Redondo, I.; Redondo Ferrero, D.D.; Reithler, H.; Reyes-Almanza, R.; Rodríguez Bouza, V.; Ronchese, P.; Rossi, A.M.; Rossin, R.; Rotondo, F.; Rovelli, T.; Sánchez Cruz, S.; Sánchez Navas, S.; Sastre, J.; Sharma, A.; Simonetto, F.; Soto Rodríguez, A.; Staiano, A.; Szillasi, Z.; Teyssier, D.F.; Toniolo, N.; Torromeo, G.; Trapote, A.; Trevisani, N.; Triossi, A.; Trocino, D.; Ujvari, B.; Umoret, G.; Urda Gómez, L.; Uwe, B.; Ventura, S.; Vico Villalba, C.; Wiedenbeck, S.; Zanetti, M.; Zantis, F.P.; Zilizi, G.; Zotto, P.; Zucchetta, A.. - In: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH. SECTION A, ACCELERATORS, SPECTROMETERS, DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT. - ISSN 0168-9002. - ELETTRONICO. - 1049:(2023), pp. 168103.1-168103.8. [10.1016/j.nima.2023.168103]

The Analytical Method algorithm for trigger primitives generation at the LHC Drift Tubes detector

Battilana, C.;Borgonovi, L.;Cuffiani, M.;Fanfani, A.;Guiducci, L.;Lunerti, L.;Rovelli, T.;
2023

Abstract

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment prepares its Phase-2 upgrade for the high-luminosity era of the LHC operation (HL-LHC). Due to the increase of occupancy, trigger latency and rates, the full electronics of the CMS Drift Tube (DT) chambers will need to be replaced. In the new design, the time bin for the digitization of the chamber signals will be of around 1 ns, and the totality of the signals will be forwarded asynchronously to the service cavern at full resolution. The new backend system will be in charge of building the trigger primitives of each chamber. These trigger primitives contain the information at chamber level about the muon candidates position, direction, and collision time, and are used as input in the L1 CMS trigger. The added functionalities will improve the robustness of the system against ageing. An algorithm based on analytical solutions for reconstructing the DT trigger primitives, called Analytical Method, has been implemented both as a software C++ emulator and in firmware. Its performance has been estimated using the software emulator with simulated and real data samples, and through hardware implementation tests. Measured efficiencies are 96 to 98% for all qualities and time and spatial resolutions are close to the ultimate performance of the DT chambers. A prototype chain of the HL-LHC electronics using the Analytical Method for trigger primitive generation has been installed during Long Shutdown 2 of the LHC and operated in CMS cosmic data taking campaigns in 2020 and 2021. Results from this validation step, the so-called Slice Test, are presented.
2023
The Analytical Method algorithm for trigger primitives generation at the LHC Drift Tubes detector / Abbiendi, G.; Alcaraz Maestre, J.; Álvarez Fernández, A.; Álvarez González, B.; Amapane, N.; Bachiller, I.; Barcellan, L.; Baldanza, C.; Battilana, C.; Bellato, M.; Bencze, G.; Benettoni, M.; Beni, N.; Benvenuti, A.; Bergnoli, A.; Blanco Ramos, L.C.; Borgonovi, L.; Bragagnolo, A.; Cafaro, V.; Calderon, A.; Calvo, E.; Carlin, R.; Carrillo Montoya, C.A.; Cavallo, F.R.; Cela Ruiz, J.M.; Cepeda, M.; Cerrada, M.; Checchia, P.; Ciano, L.; Colino, N.; Corti, D.; Cotto, G.; Crupano, A.; Cuadrado Calzada, S.; Cuevas, J.; Cuffiani, M.; Dallavalle, G.M.; Dattola, D.; De La Cruz, B.; de Lara Rodríguez, C.I.; De Remigis, P.; Erice Cid, C.; Eliseev, D.; Fabbri, F.; Fanfani, A.; Fasanella, D.; Bedoya, C.F.; de Trocóniz, J.F.; Fernández del Val, D.; Fernández Menéndez, J.; Fernández Ramos, J.P.; Folgueras, S.; Fouz, M.C.; Francia Ferrero, D.; García Romero, J.; Gasparini, F.; Gasparini, U.; Giordano, V.; Gonella, F.; González Caballero, I.; González Fernández, J.R.; González López, O.; Goy López, S.; Gozzelino, A.; Griggio, A.; Grosso, G.; Guandalini, C.; Guiducci, L.; Gulmini, M.; Hebbeker, T.; Hoepfner, K.; Isocrate, R.; Josa, M.I.; Kiani, B.; León Holgado, J.; Lo Meo, S.; Lusiani, E.; Lunerti, L.; Marcellini, S.; Margoni, M.; Mariotti, C.; Martín Martín, I.; Martínez Morales, J.J.; Maselli, S.; Masetti, G.; Meneguzzo, A.T.; Merschmeyer, M.; Migliorini, M.; Modenese, L.; Molnar, J.; Montecassiano, F.; Mora Martínez, J.; Moran, D.; Mukherjee, S.; Navarrete, J.J.; Navarria, F.; Navarro Tobar, A.; Nowotny, F.; Palencia Cortezón, E.; Passaseo, M.; Pazzini, J.; Pelliccioni, M.; Perrotta, A.; Philipps, B.; Piedra Gomez, J.; Primavera, F.; Puerta Pelayo, J.; Puras Sánchez, J.C.; Ramón Álvarez, C.; Redondo, I.; Redondo Ferrero, D.D.; Reithler, H.; Reyes-Almanza, R.; Rodríguez Bouza, V.; Ronchese, P.; Rossi, A.M.; Rossin, R.; Rotondo, F.; Rovelli, T.; Sánchez Cruz, S.; Sánchez Navas, S.; Sastre, J.; Sharma, A.; Simonetto, F.; Soto Rodríguez, A.; Staiano, A.; Szillasi, Z.; Teyssier, D.F.; Toniolo, N.; Torromeo, G.; Trapote, A.; Trevisani, N.; Triossi, A.; Trocino, D.; Ujvari, B.; Umoret, G.; Urda Gómez, L.; Uwe, B.; Ventura, S.; Vico Villalba, C.; Wiedenbeck, S.; Zanetti, M.; Zantis, F.P.; Zilizi, G.; Zotto, P.; Zucchetta, A.. - In: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH. SECTION A, ACCELERATORS, SPECTROMETERS, DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT. - ISSN 0168-9002. - ELETTRONICO. - 1049:(2023), pp. 168103.1-168103.8. [10.1016/j.nima.2023.168103]
Abbiendi, G.; Alcaraz Maestre, J.; Álvarez Fernández, A.; Álvarez González, B.; Amapane, N.; Bachiller, I.; Barcellan, L.; Baldanza, C.; Battilana, C.; Bellato, M.; Bencze, G.; Benettoni, M.; Beni, N.; Benvenuti, A.; Bergnoli, A.; Blanco Ramos, L.C.; Borgonovi, L.; Bragagnolo, A.; Cafaro, V.; Calderon, A.; Calvo, E.; Carlin, R.; Carrillo Montoya, C.A.; Cavallo, F.R.; Cela Ruiz, J.M.; Cepeda, M.; Cerrada, M.; Checchia, P.; Ciano, L.; Colino, N.; Corti, D.; Cotto, G.; Crupano, A.; Cuadrado Calzada, S.; Cuevas, J.; Cuffiani, M.; Dallavalle, G.M.; Dattola, D.; De La Cruz, B.; de Lara Rodríguez, C.I.; De Remigis, P.; Erice Cid, C.; Eliseev, D.; Fabbri, F.; Fanfani, A.; Fasanella, D.; Bedoya, C.F.; de Trocóniz, J.F.; Fernández del Val, D.; Fernández Menéndez, J.; Fernández Ramos, J.P.; Folgueras, S.; Fouz, M.C.; Francia Ferrero, D.; García Romero, J.; Gasparini, F.; Gasparini, U.; Giordano, V.; Gonella, F.; González Caballero, I.; González Fernández, J.R.; González López, O.; Goy López, S.; Gozzelino, A.; Griggio, A.; Grosso, G.; Guandalini, C.; Guiducci, L.; Gulmini, M.; Hebbeker, T.; Hoepfner, K.; Isocrate, R.; Josa, M.I.; Kiani, B.; León Holgado, J.; Lo Meo, S.; Lusiani, E.; Lunerti, L.; Marcellini, S.; Margoni, M.; Mariotti, C.; Martín Martín, I.; Martínez Morales, J.J.; Maselli, S.; Masetti, G.; Meneguzzo, A.T.; Merschmeyer, M.; Migliorini, M.; Modenese, L.; Molnar, J.; Montecassiano, F.; Mora Martínez, J.; Moran, D.; Mukherjee, S.; Navarrete, J.J.; Navarria, F.; Navarro Tobar, A.; Nowotny, F.; Palencia Cortezón, E.; Passaseo, M.; Pazzini, J.; Pelliccioni, M.; Perrotta, A.; Philipps, B.; Piedra Gomez, J.; Primavera, F.; Puerta Pelayo, J.; Puras Sánchez, J.C.; Ramón Álvarez, C.; Redondo, I.; Redondo Ferrero, D.D.; Reithler, H.; Reyes-Almanza, R.; Rodríguez Bouza, V.; Ronchese, P.; Rossi, A.M.; Rossin, R.; Rotondo, F.; Rovelli, T.; Sánchez Cruz, S.; Sánchez Navas, S.; Sastre, J.; Sharma, A.; Simonetto, F.; Soto Rodríguez, A.; Staiano, A.; Szillasi, Z.; Teyssier, D.F.; Toniolo, N.; Torromeo, G.; Trapote, A.; Trevisani, N.; Triossi, A.; Trocino, D.; Ujvari, B.; Umoret, G.; Urda Gómez, L.; Uwe, B.; Ventura, S.; Vico Villalba, C.; Wiedenbeck, S.; Zanetti, M.; Zantis, F.P.; Zilizi, G.; Zotto, P.; Zucchetta, A.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11585/957676
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