The Third Section of the Italian Supreme Court affirmed the analogical applicability of the rules on representation without power to the surety agreement with forged signature, thus admitting its ratification, moreover in contrast with what was established by the Sixth Section. With the extensive commentary, divided into three macro-areas, the grounds of the judgment is criticized, but not its operative part. First of all, in compliance with the principle of the most liquid reason, an alternative reading based on the special subjective structure of the surety is proposed, also assessing whether the policy issued in the context of a procedure for obtaining subsidized public loans is atypical in relation to the aforementioned profile. Secondly, the remark examines the thesis based on the analogical use of ratification provided for by Art. 1399 of the Italian Civil Code, which however is refuted due to the lack of a regulatory gap, on the other hand coining an original principle of "improper" apparentia iuris, since it is neither pure nor culpable. Finally, the possible criminal effects subtended to the relationship between crime and contract are deepened, highlighting the limits within which these can change the conclusions reached.
La Sezione Terza della Suprema Corte ha affermato l'applicabilità analogica delle norme sulla rappresentanza senza potere al contratto di fideiussione con sottoscrizione apocrifa, quindi ammettendone la ratifica, peraltro in contrasto rispetto a quanto statuito dalla Sezione Sesta. Con l'ampia nota di commento, articolata in tre macroaree, si critica la motivazione, ma non il dispositivo della sentenza. Anzitutto, viene prospettata, in ossequio al principio della ragione più liquida, una lettura alternativa incentrata sulla peculiare struttura soggettiva della fideiussione, altresì valutando se la polizza rilasciata nell'ambito di un procedimento di accesso a finanziamenti pubblici agevolati sia atipica in relazione al detto profilo. In secondo luogo, si esamina la tesi dell'impiego analogico della ratifica ex art. 1399 c.c., che tuttavia si confuta per mancanza di una lacuna normativa, di contro coniando un originale principio di apparenza giuridica "impropria", siccome né pura, né colposa. Infine, si approfondiscono gli eventuali riflessi penalistici sottesi ai rapporti tra reato e contratto, evidenziando i limiti entro i quali questi possano far mutare le raggiunte conclusioni.
Luca Orciani (2024). A proposito dell'apocrifia della sottoscrizione del debitore principale nelle polizze fideiussorie a prima richiesta. BANCA BORSA E TITOLI DI CREDITO, 79, 1-35.
A proposito dell'apocrifia della sottoscrizione del debitore principale nelle polizze fideiussorie a prima richiesta
Luca Orciani
2024
Abstract
The Third Section of the Italian Supreme Court affirmed the analogical applicability of the rules on representation without power to the surety agreement with forged signature, thus admitting its ratification, moreover in contrast with what was established by the Sixth Section. With the extensive commentary, divided into three macro-areas, the grounds of the judgment is criticized, but not its operative part. First of all, in compliance with the principle of the most liquid reason, an alternative reading based on the special subjective structure of the surety is proposed, also assessing whether the policy issued in the context of a procedure for obtaining subsidized public loans is atypical in relation to the aforementioned profile. Secondly, the remark examines the thesis based on the analogical use of ratification provided for by Art. 1399 of the Italian Civil Code, which however is refuted due to the lack of a regulatory gap, on the other hand coining an original principle of "improper" apparentia iuris, since it is neither pure nor culpable. Finally, the possible criminal effects subtended to the relationship between crime and contract are deepened, highlighting the limits within which these can change the conclusions reached.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.