Biomimetic crystallization of calcium carbonate polymorphs by means of collagenous matrices

Crosslinked gelatin films with entrapped poly-L-aspartate were used to induce the crystallization of calcite and aragonite polymorphs. Calcite with high degrees of isomorphous substitution (up to 12 mol% magnesium) has been obtained. The morphology and layered organization of magnesium calibre crystals grown inside the crosslinked gelatin films with entrapped poly-L-aspartate resemble some structural features of radial calcitic colds. The concentration of entrapped poly-L-aspartate and the uniaxial deformation of the films control the growth of aragonite aggregates inside the films. Such aggregates grown inside uniaxially deformed films consist of parallel rods with an architectural assembly similar to that found in some marine organisms. The crystals' aggregation and the control of calcium carbonate polymorphism are related to the modelling of the nucleation sites by poly-L-aspartate structure and concentration, local supersaturation and microenvironment shape. The results indicate that the collagenous matrices with entrapped polyelectrolytes are versatile systems which can contribute to the elucidation of strategies for biomimetic materials chemistry.