Teologia e catene causali devianti. La ricezione dottrinale di Duns Scoto nella prima tradizione ockhamista

Can God save a man without the sacraments? Can He do so, even more radically, without giving him grace? And in general, can He directly cause what is normally caused by an intermediate agent? What is the relationship between the break in causal chains and the establishment of deviant causal chains? In this article, we will consider the treatment of three authors: John Duns Scotus, Walter Chatton and Adam Wodeham. We will do retracing some historiographically known points, such as those on the direct apprehension of the existing individual. We will then proceed by delving Scotus' doctrine on two of the most important, and direct, interlocutors of William of Ockham. The result we want to obtain from this investigation is to show an independent reception by both Chatton and Wodeham of Duns Scotus' thought as an indirect direct source for the Oxonian conversational community of William Ockham.