Validation of a finite element program for the design of roll-over protective framed structures (ROPS) for agricultural tractors

The design and testing of roll-over protective structures (ROPS) present considerable challenges for small- to medium-sized agricultural tractor manufacturers. Moreover, these manufacturers experience difficulties in using commercial finite element packages. As a consequence, a finite element program, previously described (Fabbri, 1996, 1999, 2000), has been developed to simulate the behaviour of the most common roll-over protective structures (ROPS), when tested according to OECD/EEC (Organisation for Economical Co-operation and Development/Economic European Community) codes. The program developed in this study was validated against analytical models and other commercial finite element packages, as well as data directly measured in ROPS testing. The model predicts the force–displacement characteristics of tractor cabs to within 20% of the actual test value. The accuracy is directly related to the reliability of the description of the geometry, the material properties and the boundary conditions. The program requires relatively little operator training, and is particularly suitable for use by small-to medium-sized agricultural tractor manufacturers.