Background: The COVID-19 pandemic presented major challenges for critical care facilities worldwide. Infections which develop alongside or subsequent to viral pneumonitis are a challenge under sporadic and pandemic conditions; however, data have suggested that patterns of these differ between COVID-19 and other viral pneumonitides. This secondary analysis aimed to explore patterns of co-infection and intensive care unit-acquired infections (ICU-AI) and the relationship to use of corticosteroids in a large, international cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients.Methods: This is a multicenter, international, observational study, including adult patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis admitted to ICUs at the peak of wave one of COVID-19 (February 15th to May 15th, 2020). Data collected included investigator-assessed co-infection at ICU admission, infection acquired in ICU, infection with multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO) and antibiotic use. Frequencies were compared by Pearson's Chi-squared and continuous variables by Mann-Whitney U test. Propensity score matching for variables associated with ICU-acquired infection was undertaken using R library MatchIT using the "full" matching method.Results: Data were available from 4994 patients. Bacterial co-infection at admission was detected in 716 patients (14%), whilst 85% of patients received antibiotics at that stage. ICU-AI developed in 2715 (54%). The most common ICU-AI was bacterial pneumonia (44% of infections), whilst 9% of patients developed fungal pneumonia; 25% of infections involved MDRO. Patients developing infections in ICU had greater antimicrobial exposure than those without such infections. Incident density (ICU-AI per 1000 ICU days) was in considerable excess of reports from pre-pandemic surveillance. Corticosteroid use was heterogenous between ICUs. In univariate analysis, 58% of patients receiving corticosteroids and 43% of those not receiving steroids developed ICU-AI. Adjusting for potential confounders in the propensity-matched cohort, 71% of patients receiving corticosteroids developed ICU-AI vs 52% of those not receiving corticosteroids. Duration of corticosteroid therapy was also associated with development of ICU-AI and infection with an MDRO.Conclusions: In patients with severe COVID-19 in the first wave, co-infection at admission to ICU was relatively rare but antibiotic use was in substantial excess to that indication. ICU-AI were common and were significantly associated with use of corticosteroids.

Co-infection and ICU-acquired infection in COIVD-19 ICU patients: a secondary analysis of the UNITE-COVID data set / Conway Morris A.; Kohler K.; De Corte T.; Ercole A.; De Grooth H.-J.; Elbers P.W.G.; Povoa P.; Morais R.; Koulenti D.; Jog S.; Nielsen N.; Jubb A.; Cecconi M.; De Waele J.; Bezzi M.; Gira A.; Eller P.; Hamid T.; Haque I.U.; De Buyser W.; Cudia A.; De Backer D.; Foulon P.; Collin V.; Van Hecke J.; De Waele E.; Van Malderen C.; Mesland J.-B.; Piagnerelli M.; Haentjens L.; De Schryver N.; Van Leemput J.; Vanhove P.; Bulpa P.; Ilieva V.; Katz D.; Geagea A.; Binnie A.; Tirapegui F.; Lago G.; Graf J.; Perez-Araos R.; Vargas P.; Martinez F.; Labarca E.; Franco D.M.; Parra-Tanoux D.; Reyes L.F.; Yepes D.; Peris F.; Stipic S.S.; Burgos C.V.C.; Boada P.R.N.; Brun J.L.B.; Ballesteros J.P.P.; Hammouda A.; Elmandouh O.; Azzam A.; Hussein A.M.; Galal I.; Awad A.K.; Azab M.A.; Abdalla M.; Assal H.; Alfishawy M.; Ghozy S.; Tharwat S.; Eldaly A.; Reinhard V.; Chrisment A.; Poyat C.; Badie J.; Ferrari F.B.; Weiss B.; Kuhn K.F.; Grunow J.J.; Lorenz M.; Schaller S.; Spieth P.; Bota M.; Fichtner F.; Fuest K.; Lahmer T.; Herrmann J.; Meybohm P.; Markou N.; Vasileiadou G.; Chrysanthopoulou E.; Papamichalis P.; Soultati I.; Kalvit K.; Myatra S.N.; Krupa I.; Tharwat A.; Nichol A.; McCarthy A.; Mahmoodpoor A.; Tonetti T.; Isoni P.; Spadaro S.; Volta C.A.; Mirabella L.; Noto A.; Florio G.; Guzzardella A.; Paleari C.; Baccanelli F.; Savi M.; Antonelli M.; Vaccarini B.; Montrucchio G.; Sales G.; Donadello K.; Gottin L.; Polati E.; De Rosa S.; Sulemanji D.; Abusalama A.; Elhadi M.; De Jesus M.F.; Gonzalez D.R.; Canedo N.; Chavez A.E.; Dendane T.; Grady B.; de Jong B.; van der Heiden E.; Thoral P.; van den Bogaard B.; Spronk P.E.; Achterberg S.; Groeneveld M.; So R.K.L.; de Wijs C.; Scholten H.; Beishuizen A.; Cornet A.D.; Reidinga A.C.; Kranen H.; Mensink R.; Boer S.; de Groot M.; Beck O.; Bethlehem C.; van Bussel B.; Frenzel T.; de Jong C.; Wilting R.; Kesecioglu J.; Mehagnoul-Schipper J.; Alasia D.; Kumar A.; Qayyum A.; Rana M.; Jayyab M.A.; Sierra R.Q.; Hernandez A.M.; Taborda L.; Ramires T.; Silva C.; Roriz C.; Povoa P.; Patricio P.; Santos M.L.; Costa V.; Cunha P.; Goncalves C.; Nunes S.; Camoes J.; Adriao D.; Oliveira A.; Omrani A.; Al Maslamani M.; elbuzidi A.S.; Al qudah B.M.; Akkari A.R.; Alkhatteb M.; Baiou A.; Husain A.; Alwraidat M.; Saif I.A.; Bakdach D.; Ahmed A.; Aleef M.; Bintaher A.; Petrisor C.; Popov E.; Popova K.; Dementienko M.; Teplykh B.; Pyregov A.; Davydova L.; Vladislav B.; Neporada E.; Zverev I.; Meshchaninova S.; Sokolov D.; Gavrilova E.; Shlyk I.; Poliakov I.; B?aco?a M.; Aljuhani O.; Alkhalaf A.; Humaid F.B.; Arabi Y.; Kuhail A.; Elrabi O.; Alghnam M.; Kansal A.; Ho V.K.; Ng J.; Garcia R.R.; Fraga X.T.; del Pilar Garcia-Bonillo M.; Padilla-Serrano A.; Cuadrado M.M.; Ferrando C.; Catalan-Monzon I.; Galarza L.; Frutos-Vivar F.; Jimenez J.; Rodriguez-Solis C.; Franquesa-Gonzalez E.; Acosta G.P.; Cabrera L.S.; Parra J.P.A.; Gonzalez F.M.; del Carmen Lorente Conesa M.; Varela I.Y.M.; Pravia O.V.B.; Delgado M.C.M.; de Cabo C.M.; Ioan A.-M.; Perez-Calvo C.; Santos A.; Abad-Motos A.; Ripolles-Melchor J.; Martin B.C.; Teruel S.Y.; Lucas J.H.; Ortiz A.B.; de Pablo Sanchez R.; Barrueco-Francioni J.E.; Espina L.F.; Bonell-Goytisolo J.M.; Salaverria I.; Mir A.S.; Rodriguez-Ruiz E.; Valverde V.H.; Cubero P.J.; Linde F.A.; Leganes N.C.; Romeu J.M.; Concha P.; Berezo-Garcia J.A.; Fraile V.; Cuenca-Rubio C.; Perez-Torres D.; Serrano A.; Valero C.M.; Suner A.O.; Larranaga L.; Legaristi N.; Ferrigno G.; Khlafalla S.; Bihariesingh-Sanchit R.; Zoerner F.; Grip J.; Kilsand K.; Osterlind J.; von Seth M.; Berkius J.; Ceruti S.; Glotta A.; Izdes S.; Turan I.O.; Cosar A.; Halacli B.; Dereli N.; Yilmaz M.; Akbas T.; Elay G.; Eyupoglu S.; Bilir Y.; Saracoglu K.T.; Kaya E.; Sahin A.S.; Ekren P.K.; Mengi T.; Suner K.O.; Tomak Y.; Eroglu A.; Alsabbah A.; Hanlon K.; Gervin K.; McMahon S.; Hagan S.; Higenbottam C.V.; Mullhi R.; Poulton L.; Torlinski T.; Gareth A.; Truman N.; Vijayakumar G.; Hall C.; Cagova L.; Jones N.; Graham S.; Robin N.; Cowton A.; Donnelly A.; Singatullina N.; Kent M.; Boulanger C.; Campbell Z.; Potter E.; Duric N.; Szakmany T.; Kviatkovske O.; Marczin N.; Ellis C.; Saha R.; Sri-Chandana C.; Allan J.; Mumelj L.; Venkatesh H.; Gotz V.N.; Cochrane A.; Lumlertgul N.; Ficial B.; Jain S.; Crapelli G.B.; Vlachou A.; Golden D.; Garrioch S.; Henning J.; Loveleena G.; Davey M.; Grauslyte L.; Salciute-Simene E.; Cook M.; Barling D.; Broadhurst P.; Purvis S.; Michael S.; Shuker B.; Grecu I.; Harding D.; Singatullina N.; Dean J.T.; Nielsen N.D.; Al-Bayati S.; Al-Sadawi M.; Charron M.; Stubenrauch P.; Santanilla J.; Wentowski C.; Rosenberger D.; Eksarko P.; Jawa R.. - In: CRITICAL CARE. - ISSN 1466-609X. - ELETTRONICO. - 26:1(2022), pp. 236.1-236.13. [10.1186/s13054-022-04108-8]

Co-infection and ICU-acquired infection in COIVD-19 ICU patients: a secondary analysis of the UNITE-COVID data set

Tonetti T.;
2022

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic presented major challenges for critical care facilities worldwide. Infections which develop alongside or subsequent to viral pneumonitis are a challenge under sporadic and pandemic conditions; however, data have suggested that patterns of these differ between COVID-19 and other viral pneumonitides. This secondary analysis aimed to explore patterns of co-infection and intensive care unit-acquired infections (ICU-AI) and the relationship to use of corticosteroids in a large, international cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients.Methods: This is a multicenter, international, observational study, including adult patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis admitted to ICUs at the peak of wave one of COVID-19 (February 15th to May 15th, 2020). Data collected included investigator-assessed co-infection at ICU admission, infection acquired in ICU, infection with multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO) and antibiotic use. Frequencies were compared by Pearson's Chi-squared and continuous variables by Mann-Whitney U test. Propensity score matching for variables associated with ICU-acquired infection was undertaken using R library MatchIT using the "full" matching method.Results: Data were available from 4994 patients. Bacterial co-infection at admission was detected in 716 patients (14%), whilst 85% of patients received antibiotics at that stage. ICU-AI developed in 2715 (54%). The most common ICU-AI was bacterial pneumonia (44% of infections), whilst 9% of patients developed fungal pneumonia; 25% of infections involved MDRO. Patients developing infections in ICU had greater antimicrobial exposure than those without such infections. Incident density (ICU-AI per 1000 ICU days) was in considerable excess of reports from pre-pandemic surveillance. Corticosteroid use was heterogenous between ICUs. In univariate analysis, 58% of patients receiving corticosteroids and 43% of those not receiving steroids developed ICU-AI. Adjusting for potential confounders in the propensity-matched cohort, 71% of patients receiving corticosteroids developed ICU-AI vs 52% of those not receiving corticosteroids. Duration of corticosteroid therapy was also associated with development of ICU-AI and infection with an MDRO.Conclusions: In patients with severe COVID-19 in the first wave, co-infection at admission to ICU was relatively rare but antibiotic use was in substantial excess to that indication. ICU-AI were common and were significantly associated with use of corticosteroids.
2022
Co-infection and ICU-acquired infection in COIVD-19 ICU patients: a secondary analysis of the UNITE-COVID data set / Conway Morris A.; Kohler K.; De Corte T.; Ercole A.; De Grooth H.-J.; Elbers P.W.G.; Povoa P.; Morais R.; Koulenti D.; Jog S.; Nielsen N.; Jubb A.; Cecconi M.; De Waele J.; Bezzi M.; Gira A.; Eller P.; Hamid T.; Haque I.U.; De Buyser W.; Cudia A.; De Backer D.; Foulon P.; Collin V.; Van Hecke J.; De Waele E.; Van Malderen C.; Mesland J.-B.; Piagnerelli M.; Haentjens L.; De Schryver N.; Van Leemput J.; Vanhove P.; Bulpa P.; Ilieva V.; Katz D.; Geagea A.; Binnie A.; Tirapegui F.; Lago G.; Graf J.; Perez-Araos R.; Vargas P.; Martinez F.; Labarca E.; Franco D.M.; Parra-Tanoux D.; Reyes L.F.; Yepes D.; Peris F.; Stipic S.S.; Burgos C.V.C.; Boada P.R.N.; Brun J.L.B.; Ballesteros J.P.P.; Hammouda A.; Elmandouh O.; Azzam A.; Hussein A.M.; Galal I.; Awad A.K.; Azab M.A.; Abdalla M.; Assal H.; Alfishawy M.; Ghozy S.; Tharwat S.; Eldaly A.; Reinhard V.; Chrisment A.; Poyat C.; Badie J.; Ferrari F.B.; Weiss B.; Kuhn K.F.; Grunow J.J.; Lorenz M.; Schaller S.; Spieth P.; Bota M.; Fichtner F.; Fuest K.; Lahmer T.; Herrmann J.; Meybohm P.; Markou N.; Vasileiadou G.; Chrysanthopoulou E.; Papamichalis P.; Soultati I.; Kalvit K.; Myatra S.N.; Krupa I.; Tharwat A.; Nichol A.; McCarthy A.; Mahmoodpoor A.; Tonetti T.; Isoni P.; Spadaro S.; Volta C.A.; Mirabella L.; Noto A.; Florio G.; Guzzardella A.; Paleari C.; Baccanelli F.; Savi M.; Antonelli M.; Vaccarini B.; Montrucchio G.; Sales G.; Donadello K.; Gottin L.; Polati E.; De Rosa S.; Sulemanji D.; Abusalama A.; Elhadi M.; De Jesus M.F.; Gonzalez D.R.; Canedo N.; Chavez A.E.; Dendane T.; Grady B.; de Jong B.; van der Heiden E.; Thoral P.; van den Bogaard B.; Spronk P.E.; Achterberg S.; Groeneveld M.; So R.K.L.; de Wijs C.; Scholten H.; Beishuizen A.; Cornet A.D.; Reidinga A.C.; Kranen H.; Mensink R.; Boer S.; de Groot M.; Beck O.; Bethlehem C.; van Bussel B.; Frenzel T.; de Jong C.; Wilting R.; Kesecioglu J.; Mehagnoul-Schipper J.; Alasia D.; Kumar A.; Qayyum A.; Rana M.; Jayyab M.A.; Sierra R.Q.; Hernandez A.M.; Taborda L.; Ramires T.; Silva C.; Roriz C.; Povoa P.; Patricio P.; Santos M.L.; Costa V.; Cunha P.; Goncalves C.; Nunes S.; Camoes J.; Adriao D.; Oliveira A.; Omrani A.; Al Maslamani M.; elbuzidi A.S.; Al qudah B.M.; Akkari A.R.; Alkhatteb M.; Baiou A.; Husain A.; Alwraidat M.; Saif I.A.; Bakdach D.; Ahmed A.; Aleef M.; Bintaher A.; Petrisor C.; Popov E.; Popova K.; Dementienko M.; Teplykh B.; Pyregov A.; Davydova L.; Vladislav B.; Neporada E.; Zverev I.; Meshchaninova S.; Sokolov D.; Gavrilova E.; Shlyk I.; Poliakov I.; B?aco?a M.; Aljuhani O.; Alkhalaf A.; Humaid F.B.; Arabi Y.; Kuhail A.; Elrabi O.; Alghnam M.; Kansal A.; Ho V.K.; Ng J.; Garcia R.R.; Fraga X.T.; del Pilar Garcia-Bonillo M.; Padilla-Serrano A.; Cuadrado M.M.; Ferrando C.; Catalan-Monzon I.; Galarza L.; Frutos-Vivar F.; Jimenez J.; Rodriguez-Solis C.; Franquesa-Gonzalez E.; Acosta G.P.; Cabrera L.S.; Parra J.P.A.; Gonzalez F.M.; del Carmen Lorente Conesa M.; Varela I.Y.M.; Pravia O.V.B.; Delgado M.C.M.; de Cabo C.M.; Ioan A.-M.; Perez-Calvo C.; Santos A.; Abad-Motos A.; Ripolles-Melchor J.; Martin B.C.; Teruel S.Y.; Lucas J.H.; Ortiz A.B.; de Pablo Sanchez R.; Barrueco-Francioni J.E.; Espina L.F.; Bonell-Goytisolo J.M.; Salaverria I.; Mir A.S.; Rodriguez-Ruiz E.; Valverde V.H.; Cubero P.J.; Linde F.A.; Leganes N.C.; Romeu J.M.; Concha P.; Berezo-Garcia J.A.; Fraile V.; Cuenca-Rubio C.; Perez-Torres D.; Serrano A.; Valero C.M.; Suner A.O.; Larranaga L.; Legaristi N.; Ferrigno G.; Khlafalla S.; Bihariesingh-Sanchit R.; Zoerner F.; Grip J.; Kilsand K.; Osterlind J.; von Seth M.; Berkius J.; Ceruti S.; Glotta A.; Izdes S.; Turan I.O.; Cosar A.; Halacli B.; Dereli N.; Yilmaz M.; Akbas T.; Elay G.; Eyupoglu S.; Bilir Y.; Saracoglu K.T.; Kaya E.; Sahin A.S.; Ekren P.K.; Mengi T.; Suner K.O.; Tomak Y.; Eroglu A.; Alsabbah A.; Hanlon K.; Gervin K.; McMahon S.; Hagan S.; Higenbottam C.V.; Mullhi R.; Poulton L.; Torlinski T.; Gareth A.; Truman N.; Vijayakumar G.; Hall C.; Cagova L.; Jones N.; Graham S.; Robin N.; Cowton A.; Donnelly A.; Singatullina N.; Kent M.; Boulanger C.; Campbell Z.; Potter E.; Duric N.; Szakmany T.; Kviatkovske O.; Marczin N.; Ellis C.; Saha R.; Sri-Chandana C.; Allan J.; Mumelj L.; Venkatesh H.; Gotz V.N.; Cochrane A.; Lumlertgul N.; Ficial B.; Jain S.; Crapelli G.B.; Vlachou A.; Golden D.; Garrioch S.; Henning J.; Loveleena G.; Davey M.; Grauslyte L.; Salciute-Simene E.; Cook M.; Barling D.; Broadhurst P.; Purvis S.; Michael S.; Shuker B.; Grecu I.; Harding D.; Singatullina N.; Dean J.T.; Nielsen N.D.; Al-Bayati S.; Al-Sadawi M.; Charron M.; Stubenrauch P.; Santanilla J.; Wentowski C.; Rosenberger D.; Eksarko P.; Jawa R.. - In: CRITICAL CARE. - ISSN 1466-609X. - ELETTRONICO. - 26:1(2022), pp. 236.1-236.13. [10.1186/s13054-022-04108-8]
Conway Morris A.; Kohler K.; De Corte T.; Ercole A.; De Grooth H.-J.; Elbers P.W.G.; Povoa P.; Morais R.; Koulenti D.; Jog S.; Nielsen N.; Jubb A.; Cecconi M.; De Waele J.; Bezzi M.; Gira A.; Eller P.; Hamid T.; Haque I.U.; De Buyser W.; Cudia A.; De Backer D.; Foulon P.; Collin V.; Van Hecke J.; De Waele E.; Van Malderen C.; Mesland J.-B.; Piagnerelli M.; Haentjens L.; De Schryver N.; Van Leemput J.; Vanhove P.; Bulpa P.; Ilieva V.; Katz D.; Geagea A.; Binnie A.; Tirapegui F.; Lago G.; Graf J.; Perez-Araos R.; Vargas P.; Martinez F.; Labarca E.; Franco D.M.; Parra-Tanoux D.; Reyes L.F.; Yepes D.; Peris F.; Stipic S.S.; Burgos C.V.C.; Boada P.R.N.; Brun J.L.B.; Ballesteros J.P.P.; Hammouda A.; Elmandouh O.; Azzam A.; Hussein A.M.; Galal I.; Awad A.K.; Azab M.A.; Abdalla M.; Assal H.; Alfishawy M.; Ghozy S.; Tharwat S.; Eldaly A.; Reinhard V.; Chrisment A.; Poyat C.; Badie J.; Ferrari F.B.; Weiss B.; Kuhn K.F.; Grunow J.J.; Lorenz M.; Schaller S.; Spieth P.; Bota M.; Fichtner F.; Fuest K.; Lahmer T.; Herrmann J.; Meybohm P.; Markou N.; Vasileiadou G.; Chrysanthopoulou E.; Papamichalis P.; Soultati I.; Kalvit K.; Myatra S.N.; Krupa I.; Tharwat A.; Nichol A.; McCarthy A.; Mahmoodpoor A.; Tonetti T.; Isoni P.; Spadaro S.; Volta C.A.; Mirabella L.; Noto A.; Florio G.; Guzzardella A.; Paleari C.; Baccanelli F.; Savi M.; Antonelli M.; Vaccarini B.; Montrucchio G.; Sales G.; Donadello K.; Gottin L.; Polati E.; De Rosa S.; Sulemanji D.; Abusalama A.; Elhadi M.; De Jesus M.F.; Gonzalez D.R.; Canedo N.; Chavez A.E.; Dendane T.; Grady B.; de Jong B.; van der Heiden E.; Thoral P.; van den Bogaard B.; Spronk P.E.; Achterberg S.; Groeneveld M.; So R.K.L.; de Wijs C.; Scholten H.; Beishuizen A.; Cornet A.D.; Reidinga A.C.; Kranen H.; Mensink R.; Boer S.; de Groot M.; Beck O.; Bethlehem C.; van Bussel B.; Frenzel T.; de Jong C.; Wilting R.; Kesecioglu J.; Mehagnoul-Schipper J.; Alasia D.; Kumar A.; Qayyum A.; Rana M.; Jayyab M.A.; Sierra R.Q.; Hernandez A.M.; Taborda L.; Ramires T.; Silva C.; Roriz C.; Povoa P.; Patricio P.; Santos M.L.; Costa V.; Cunha P.; Goncalves C.; Nunes S.; Camoes J.; Adriao D.; Oliveira A.; Omrani A.; Al Maslamani M.; elbuzidi A.S.; Al qudah B.M.; Akkari A.R.; Alkhatteb M.; Baiou A.; Husain A.; Alwraidat M.; Saif I.A.; Bakdach D.; Ahmed A.; Aleef M.; Bintaher A.; Petrisor C.; Popov E.; Popova K.; Dementienko M.; Teplykh B.; Pyregov A.; Davydova L.; Vladislav B.; Neporada E.; Zverev I.; Meshchaninova S.; Sokolov D.; Gavrilova E.; Shlyk I.; Poliakov I.; B?aco?a M.; Aljuhani O.; Alkhalaf A.; Humaid F.B.; Arabi Y.; Kuhail A.; Elrabi O.; Alghnam M.; Kansal A.; Ho V.K.; Ng J.; Garcia R.R.; Fraga X.T.; del Pilar Garcia-Bonillo M.; Padilla-Serrano A.; Cuadrado M.M.; Ferrando C.; Catalan-Monzon I.; Galarza L.; Frutos-Vivar F.; Jimenez J.; Rodriguez-Solis C.; Franquesa-Gonzalez E.; Acosta G.P.; Cabrera L.S.; Parra J.P.A.; Gonzalez F.M.; del Carmen Lorente Conesa M.; Varela I.Y.M.; Pravia O.V.B.; Delgado M.C.M.; de Cabo C.M.; Ioan A.-M.; Perez-Calvo C.; Santos A.; Abad-Motos A.; Ripolles-Melchor J.; Martin B.C.; Teruel S.Y.; Lucas J.H.; Ortiz A.B.; de Pablo Sanchez R.; Barrueco-Francioni J.E.; Espina L.F.; Bonell-Goytisolo J.M.; Salaverria I.; Mir A.S.; Rodriguez-Ruiz E.; Valverde V.H.; Cubero P.J.; Linde F.A.; Leganes N.C.; Romeu J.M.; Concha P.; Berezo-Garcia J.A.; Fraile V.; Cuenca-Rubio C.; Perez-Torres D.; Serrano A.; Valero C.M.; Suner A.O.; Larranaga L.; Legaristi N.; Ferrigno G.; Khlafalla S.; Bihariesingh-Sanchit R.; Zoerner F.; Grip J.; Kilsand K.; Osterlind J.; von Seth M.; Berkius J.; Ceruti S.; Glotta A.; Izdes S.; Turan I.O.; Cosar A.; Halacli B.; Dereli N.; Yilmaz M.; Akbas T.; Elay G.; Eyupoglu S.; Bilir Y.; Saracoglu K.T.; Kaya E.; Sahin A.S.; Ekren P.K.; Mengi T.; Suner K.O.; Tomak Y.; Eroglu A.; Alsabbah A.; Hanlon K.; Gervin K.; McMahon S.; Hagan S.; Higenbottam C.V.; Mullhi R.; Poulton L.; Torlinski T.; Gareth A.; Truman N.; Vijayakumar G.; Hall C.; Cagova L.; Jones N.; Graham S.; Robin N.; Cowton A.; Donnelly A.; Singatullina N.; Kent M.; Boulanger C.; Campbell Z.; Potter E.; Duric N.; Szakmany T.; Kviatkovske O.; Marczin N.; Ellis C.; Saha R.; Sri-Chandana C.; Allan J.; Mumelj L.; Venkatesh H.; Gotz V.N.; Cochrane A.; Lumlertgul N.; Ficial B.; Jain S.; Crapelli G.B.; Vlachou A.; Golden D.; Garrioch S.; Henning J.; Loveleena G.; Davey M.; Grauslyte L.; Salciute-Simene E.; Cook M.; Barling D.; Broadhurst P.; Purvis S.; Michael S.; Shuker B.; Grecu I.; Harding D.; Singatullina N.; Dean J.T.; Nielsen N.D.; Al-Bayati S.; Al-Sadawi M.; Charron M.; Stubenrauch P.; Santanilla J.; Wentowski C.; Rosenberger D.; Eksarko P.; Jawa R.
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