Il ritorno del linguaggio. Guglielmo di Ockham e la teoria semantica aristotelica

#Between#1317#and1323,#William#of#Ockham#composed#an#extended#commentary#on#Aristotle’s#De+interpretatione.#However,#his#reflections#on#Aristotelian#logic#and#puzzles#are#not#limited#to this#work.#In#particular,#the#author#focuses,#among#other#Ockham#texts,#on#the#Tractatus de+ praedestinatione+ et+ de+ praescientia+ Dei+ respectu+ futurorum+ contingentium (1321-1324).#It#provides#a#privileged#point#of#view#on#the#Ockhamian#reading#of#De+interpretatione+because#the#latter#is#used#as#a#philosophical#tool#to#solve#the#question#of#the#nature# –# determined# or#indetermined# –# and#the#truth# conditions# of# future#tense# propositions,#a#problem#grounded#historically#in#the#debate#on#book#IX#of#De+interpretatione. In#a#criticism#of#Duns#Scotus’s#position#on#this#topic,#Ockham#formulates#his#linguisticsolution#to#save#concomitantly#divine#foreknowledge#and#human#free#will:#the#propositions#of#divina+praescientia are#verbally#(secundum+vocem)#simply#related#to#the#present but#are#in#fact (secundum+rem)#related#to#the#future,#from#which#they#can#be#determinedas#true#or#false.#Thus,#the#truthHvalue#of#the#future#tense#propositions#is#guaranteed#by their#being#objects#of#divine#foreknowledge,#but#at#the#same#time those#propositions#areopen#to#free#will’s#choices#since#they are still indetermined in the present.