The maritime transport sector has been facing a season of strong changes for some years now, dictated by a variety of factors, among which new technologies undoubtedly take on a leading role. The introduction of autonomous navigation systems, in particular, is helping to shift the focus from humans to machines for the first time, although it is a process that is not immediate, but which requires medium to long-term timing. In this sort of slow, but inexorable, Copernican revolution, the limits of the current regulatory framework are already beginning to be seen, not only at the national level, but also at the uniform international level, especially under the profiles liability allocation models, which appear less capable of responding fully, or at least satisfactorily, to the requests for protection of the various stakeholders. Therefore, the need for a careful rethinking of the liability regime applicable in the event of accidents involving the so-called «Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships» is increasingly urgent. Such a reshaping should not have as its purpose, at least in this phase, the complete supplanting of the liability system currently in force, but rather its updating, which on the one hand takes into account the delicate and peculiar balances that characterize the maritime transport market in all its aspects, and on the other hand is suitable for fully regulating the rights and liabilities of the various players involved. In this perspective, this paper offers some critical hints for reflection concerning the emerging weaknesses of the typically maritime liability regime, based on fault, and suggests some possible so-lutions, through the use of the systems of strict liability and of liability for defective product.
Il settore del trasporto marittimo ormai da alcuni anni sta affrontando una stagione di forti cambiamenti, dettati da una molteplicità di fattori, tra cui le nuove tecnologie assumono senz’altro un ruolo di primo piano. L’introduzione dei sistemi di navigazione autonoma, in particolare, sta contribuendo a spostare per la prima volta il punto focale dall’uomo alle macchine, per quanto si tratti di un processo non istantaneo, ma che richiede tempistiche di medio-lungo periodo. In questa sorta di lenta, ma inesorabile, rivoluzione copernicana si stanno già cominciando ad intravedere, specialmente sotto i profili dei modelli di allocazione della responsabilità, i limiti dell’attuale framework normativo, non solo a livello nazionale, ma anche a quello internazionale uniforme, che appare meno capace di rispondere in modo pieno, o quantomeno soddisfacente, alle istanze di tutela dei vari stakeholders. Risulta, pertanto, sempre più urgente la necessità di un attento ripensamento del regime di responsabilità applicabile nelle ipotesi di incidenti che vedono coinvolte le cosiddette «Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships». Tale rimodellamento non dovrebbe avere come obbiettivo, almeno in questa fase, l’integrale sostituzione del sistema di responsabilità attualmente in vigore, quanto piuttosto un suo aggiornamento, che da un lato tenga conto dei delicati e peculiari equilibri che informano il mercato del trasporto marittimo in tutti i suoi aspetti, e dall’altro sia idoneo a regolare compiutamente diritti e responsabilità dei vari attori in gioco. In tale prospettiva, nel presente scritto ci si propone di offrire alcuni spunti critici di riflessione concernenti gli emergenti aspetti di debolezza del regime di responsabilità tipicamente marittimo, basato sulla colpa, e di suggerire alcune possibili soluzioni, mediante il ricorso ai sistemi di responsabilità oggettiva e da prodotto difettoso.
MASSIMILIANO MUSI (2021). The Phenomenon of «MASS»: is It Time to Rethink the Current Liability Regime?. RIVISTA DEL DIRITTO DELLA NAVIGAZIONE, LI(2), 763-805.
The Phenomenon of «MASS»: is It Time to Rethink the Current Liability Regime?
MASSIMILIANO MUSI
2021
Abstract
The maritime transport sector has been facing a season of strong changes for some years now, dictated by a variety of factors, among which new technologies undoubtedly take on a leading role. The introduction of autonomous navigation systems, in particular, is helping to shift the focus from humans to machines for the first time, although it is a process that is not immediate, but which requires medium to long-term timing. In this sort of slow, but inexorable, Copernican revolution, the limits of the current regulatory framework are already beginning to be seen, not only at the national level, but also at the uniform international level, especially under the profiles liability allocation models, which appear less capable of responding fully, or at least satisfactorily, to the requests for protection of the various stakeholders. Therefore, the need for a careful rethinking of the liability regime applicable in the event of accidents involving the so-called «Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships» is increasingly urgent. Such a reshaping should not have as its purpose, at least in this phase, the complete supplanting of the liability system currently in force, but rather its updating, which on the one hand takes into account the delicate and peculiar balances that characterize the maritime transport market in all its aspects, and on the other hand is suitable for fully regulating the rights and liabilities of the various players involved. In this perspective, this paper offers some critical hints for reflection concerning the emerging weaknesses of the typically maritime liability regime, based on fault, and suggests some possible so-lutions, through the use of the systems of strict liability and of liability for defective product.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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