Explaining Leadership in Virtual Teams: The Case of Open Source Software

This paper contributes to the open source software (OSS) literature by investigating the likelihood that a participant becomes a project leader. Project leaders are key actors in a virtual community and are crucial to the success of the OSS model. Knowledge of the forces that lead to the emergence of project managers among the multitude of participants is still limited. We aim to fill this gap in the literature by analyzing the association between the roles played by an individual who is registered with a project, and a set of individual-level and project-level characteristics. In line with the theory of occupational choice elaborated by Lazear (2002, 2004), we find that OSS project leaders possess diversified skill sets in order to select the inputs provided by various participants, motivate contributors, and coordinate their efforts. Specialists, like pure developers, should be endowed with more focused skill sets. Moreover, we find that the degree of modularity of the development process is positively associated with the presence of project leaders. That result is consistent with the modern theory of modular production (Baldwin and Clark, 1997; Milgrom and Roberts, 1990; Aoki, 2004).