Manufacturing back-Reshoring as a nonlinear internationalization process

Purpose-The first aim of the chapter is to offer a characterization of back-reshoring as a possible step of the firm's nonlinear internationalization process. The second aim is to review the empirical literature on back-reshoring and to complement it with the findings of an extensive data collection. Methodology/approach-In this chapter we adopted an explorative approach building on both theoretical and empirical literature from the fields of international business and international operations Management. We also collected secondary data on back-reshoring decisions in order to define the magnitude of the investigated phenomenon and to offer a primary characterization. Findings-Our findings confirm that, though it cannot be considered a generalized trend, back-reshoring is a very topical issue for international business scholars. It represents an autonomous phenomenon consistent with the idea of nonlinear internationalization process. Research limitations/implications-The chapter is based on crosssectional data. Longitudinal research is required in order to address the proposed research questions and help understanding "how much" and what kind of manufacturing will be housed in western countries in the near future. Originality/value-This is the first attempt to conceptualize backreshoring as a possible step of the firms' internationalization process. It is also the first chapter that summarizes and discusses the literature and empirical evidence on back-reshoring emerging from a wide range of countries.