Cognitive Conflict Is an Example of Action-Grounded Cognition

The aim of the present work was to show that cognitive conflict, an issue that has been widely studied within the boundaries of the classical cognitive approach, is a clear example of higher order cognition tied to perception and action. Examples of how the cognitive conflict arising from spatial correspondence tasks is highly grounded in body attributes and in environmental/situational factors are provided. Spatial performance is strongly modulated by handedness, prior experience and by social factors. In addition, in two experiments empirical findings are reported showing that the spatial correspondence effect is a function of the location of the dynamic event even when target location is in the opposite position. These results point to the notion that spatial performance is refractory from the intervention of higher order cognition.