The ANTARES neutrino telescope, to be immersed depth in the Mediterranean Sea, will consist of a three-dimensional matrix of 900 large area photomultiplier tubes housed in pressure-resistant glass spheres. The selection of the optimal photomultiplier was a critical step for the project and required an intensive phase of tests and developments carried out in close collaboration with the main manufacturers worldwide. This paper provides an overview of the tests performed by the collaboration and describes in detail the features of the photomultiplier tube chosen for ANTARES.
Study of large hemispherical photomultiplier tubes for the ANTARES neutrino telescope / J.A. AGUILAR; A. ALBERT; F. AMELI; P. AMRAM; M. ANGHINOLFI; G. ANTON; S. ANVAR; F.E. ARDELLIER-DESAGES; E. ASLANIDES; J.J. AUBERT; D. BAILEY; S. BASA; M. BATTAGLIERI; Y. BECHERINI; R. BELLOTTI; J. BELTRAMELLI; V. BERTIN; M. BILLAULT; R. BLAES; F. BLANC; N. DE BOTTON; J. BOULESTEIX; M.C. BOUWHUIS; C.B. BROOKS; S.M. BRADBURY; R. BRUIJN; J. BRUNNER; G.F. BURGIO; F. CAFAGNA; A. CALZAS; A. CAPONE; L. CAPONETTO; E. CARMONA; J. CARR; S.L. CARTWRIGHT; E. CASTORINA; V. CAVASINNI; S. CECCHINI; P. CHARVIS; M. CIRCELLA; C. COLNARD; C. COMPERE; R. CONIGLIONE; S. COOPER; P. COYLE; S. CUNEO; G. DAMY; R. VAN DANTZIG; A. DESCHAMPS; C. DE MARZO; D. DENANS; J.J. DESTELLE; R. DE VITA; B. DINKELSPILER; C. DISTEFANO; J.F. DROGOU; F. DRUILLOLE; J. ENGELEN; J.P. ERNENWEIN; E. FALCHINI; S. FAVARD; F. FEINSTEIN; S. FERRY; D. FESTY; V. FLAMINIO; J. FOPMA; J.L. FUDA; J.M. GALLONE; G. GIACOMELLI; N. GIRARD; P. GORET; K. GRAF; G. HALLEWELL; B. HARTMANN; A. HEIJBOER; Y. HELLO; J.J. HERNANDEZ-REY; G. HERROUIN; J. HÖßL; C. HOFFMANN; J.R. HUBBARD; M. JAQUET; M. DE JONG; F. JOUVENOT; A. KAPPES; T. KARG; S. KARKAR; M. KAROLAK; U. KATZ; P. KELLER; P. KOOIJMAN; E.V. KOROLKOVA; A. KOUCHNER; W. KRETSCHMER; S. KUCH; V.A. KUDRYAVTSEV; H. LAFOUX; P. LAGIER; R. LAHMANN; P. LAMARE; J.C. LANGUILLAT; H. LASCHINSKY; L. LAUBIER; T. LEGOU; Y. LE GUEN; H. LE PROVOST; A. LE VAN SUU; L. LO NIGRO; D. LO PRESTI; S. LOUCATOS; F. LOUIS; V. LYASHUK; M. MARCELIN; A. MARGIOTTA; C. MARON; A. MASSOL; R. MASULLO; F. MAZÉAS; A. MAZURE; J.E. MCMILLAN; E. MIGNECO; C. MILLOT; A. MILOVANOVIC; F. MONTANET; T. MONTARULI; J.-P. MOREL; M. MORGANTI; L. MOSCOSO; M. MUSUMECI; C. NAUMANN; M. NAUMANN-GODO; E. NEZRI; V. NIESS; G.J. NOOREN; P. OGDEN; C. OLIVETTO; N. PALANQUE-DELABROUILLE; R. PAPALEO; P. PAYRE; C. PETTA; P. PIATTELLI; J.P. PINEAU; J. POINSIGNON; V. POPA; R. POTHEAU; T. PRADIER; C. RACCA; G. RAIA; N. RANDAZZO; D. REAL; B.A.P. VAN RENS; F. RÉTHORÉ; G. RICCOBENE; V. RIGAUD; M. RIPANI; V. ROCA-BLAY; J.F. ROLIN; M. ROMITA; H.J. ROSE; A. ROSTOVTSEV; M. RUPPI; G.V. RUSSO; Y. SACQUIN; F. SALESA; K. SALOMON; S. SAOUTER; P. SAPIENZA; R. SHANIDZE; J.-P. SCHULLER; W. SCHUSTER; I. SOKALSKI; M. SPURIO; T. STOLARCZYK; D. STUBERT; M. TAIUTI; L.F. THOMPSON; S. TILAV; P. VALDY; V. VALENTE; B. VALLAGE; P. VERNIN; J. VIRIEUX; G. DE VRIES; P. DE WITT HUBERTS; E. DE WOLF; D. ZABOROV; H. ZACCONE; V. ZAKHAROV; J.D. ZORNOZA; J. ZUÑIGA. - In: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH. SECTION A, ACCELERATORS, SPECTROMETERS, DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT. - ISSN 0168-9002. - STAMPA. - 555:(2005), pp. 132-141. [10.1016/j.nima.2005.09.035]
Study of large hemispherical photomultiplier tubes for the ANTARES neutrino telescope
BECHERINI, YVONNE;GIACOMELLI, GIORGIO MARIA;MARGIOTTA, ANNARITA;SPURIO, MAURIZIO;
2005
Abstract
The ANTARES neutrino telescope, to be immersed depth in the Mediterranean Sea, will consist of a three-dimensional matrix of 900 large area photomultiplier tubes housed in pressure-resistant glass spheres. The selection of the optimal photomultiplier was a critical step for the project and required an intensive phase of tests and developments carried out in close collaboration with the main manufacturers worldwide. This paper provides an overview of the tests performed by the collaboration and describes in detail the features of the photomultiplier tube chosen for ANTARES.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.