The SND@LHC experiment investigates neutrinos in the 7.2<η<8.4 forward pseudorapidity range. The detector consists of a veto system, a scintillating fiber tracker interleaved with emulsion cloud chambers, and a downstream muon system. Muons originating from collisions at ATLAS (IP1) constitute the primary background for CC neutrino interactions and determine the replacement frequency of the emulsion target. A precise characterization of this flux is therefore essential. In this work, we report the muon flux measured in the central 31×31cm2 fiducial area of the detector using data from 2023 through 2025. The measured fluxes for proton collisions are: (1.90±0.04)×10-2 nb/cm2 (2023), (3.76 ± 0.09) ×10-2 nb/cm2 (2024), and (2.48 ± 0.05) ×10-2 nb/cm2 (2025). A 2024 reference proton run at s=5.36TeV yielded (4.21 ± 0.14) ×10-2 nb/cm2, providing a direct baseline for the heavy-ion energy regime. The measured fluxes for heavy-ion collisions are (3.11±0.12)×104 nb/cm2, (5.53±0.22)×104 nb/cm2, and (3.24±0.13)×104nb/cm2 in 2023, 2024, and 2025, respectively. Uncertainties are dominated by systematic effects, with the statistical component contributing ≲0.1% to the total uncertainty. These results are in agreement with Monte Carlo predictions.

Null, N., Abbaneo, D., Ahmad, S., Albanese, R., Alexandrov, A., Alicante, F., et al. (2026). Measurement of the muon flux at SND@LHC. EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS, 86(8), 1-11 [10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16035-x].

Measurement of the muon flux at SND@LHC

Battilana, C.;Bonacorsi, D.;Donà, R.;Guiducci, L.;Mozzina, L.;Navarria, F. L.;Paggi, G.;Rovelli, T.;Siroli, G. P.;Spurio, M.;
2026

Abstract

The SND@LHC experiment investigates neutrinos in the 7.2<η<8.4 forward pseudorapidity range. The detector consists of a veto system, a scintillating fiber tracker interleaved with emulsion cloud chambers, and a downstream muon system. Muons originating from collisions at ATLAS (IP1) constitute the primary background for CC neutrino interactions and determine the replacement frequency of the emulsion target. A precise characterization of this flux is therefore essential. In this work, we report the muon flux measured in the central 31×31cm2 fiducial area of the detector using data from 2023 through 2025. The measured fluxes for proton collisions are: (1.90±0.04)×10-2 nb/cm2 (2023), (3.76 ± 0.09) ×10-2 nb/cm2 (2024), and (2.48 ± 0.05) ×10-2 nb/cm2 (2025). A 2024 reference proton run at s=5.36TeV yielded (4.21 ± 0.14) ×10-2 nb/cm2, providing a direct baseline for the heavy-ion energy regime. The measured fluxes for heavy-ion collisions are (3.11±0.12)×104 nb/cm2, (5.53±0.22)×104 nb/cm2, and (3.24±0.13)×104nb/cm2 in 2023, 2024, and 2025, respectively. Uncertainties are dominated by systematic effects, with the statistical component contributing ≲0.1% to the total uncertainty. These results are in agreement with Monte Carlo predictions.
2026
Null, N., Abbaneo, D., Ahmad, S., Albanese, R., Alexandrov, A., Alicante, F., et al. (2026). Measurement of the muon flux at SND@LHC. EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS, 86(8), 1-11 [10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16035-x].
Null, Null; Abbaneo, D.; Ahmad, S.; Albanese, R.; Alexandrov, A.; Alicante, F.; Aloschi, F.; Androsov, K.; Anokhina, A.; Arellano, L. G.; Asawatangtra...espandi
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11585/1083483
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