Multi-center and multi-vendor evaluation study across 1.5 T and 3 T scanners (part 2): T1 and T2 standardization in the ISMRM/NIST MR phantom

Objective: To assess multi-site and multi-vendor accuracy, and intra- and inter-scanner variability of T1 and T2 measurements using the ISMRM/NIST System MRI phantom at room temperature. Materials and methods: T1 and T2 measurements were acquired using standardized NIST protocols on 13 scanners (1.5 T and 3 T) from 3 vendors at 7 sites and compared with reference values at room temperature. Pearson’s correlation (r) and accuracy error were used for comparison with reference values, while inter-scanner agreement was assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV%). Short-term reproducibility was evaluated using Bland–Altman plots and precision error. Generalized linear mixed models and post hoc tests (α = 0.05) were adopted to compare accuracy and precision across field strengths, vendors, and scanners. T2 measurements were corrected with StimFit toolbox for stimulated echo compensation. Results: T1 and T2 measurements had excellent correlation with reference values at both field strengths. Stimfit significantly improved T2 accuracy in the renal range for 9 of 13 scanners. Short-term reproducibility (limits of agreement < 10%) and inter-scanner agreement were good (median CV < 7%) for both T1 and T2 values. Inter-scanner CV was < 5% in the renal range for both parameters. Discussion: These findings support the need of scanner evaluation processes to ensure reliable T1–T2 measurements in multi-center MRI studies.