Starting from the beginning of the 20th century, entire cycles of detached frescoes began to enter in museums. In Lombardy, since the second half of the previous century, the detachment’s technique had been improved, allowing new and more sophisticated procedures that enabled the detachment and the transfer onto canvas of any kind of pictorial surface: vertical on walls, but concave also, as a vault, an apse, or a dome of a church, as a ceiling of a palace, any huge wall painted in a non-regular architectural shape. Every fresco that would start from the top of the main wall of a room and extend up to the ceiling. From this date it was possible to recreate the original decorative painted unit in a different location. In a new palace, or in a museum. These new results of the strappo technique had a big impact on the taste of the collectors and museums from the last quarter of the 19th century, particularly in the American and Anglo-Saxon collections, thanks to the interest and love for Period rooms. For these reasons, from the second quarter of the 20th century, the new attitude to the architectural painted space will start a new trend for the museum display of detached frescoes.
A partire dal primo decennio del XX secolo interi cicli di affreschi staccati vennero a fare il loro ingresso negli ambienti dei musei. Per la prima volta, oltre ai consueti frammenti e alle singole scene estrapolate da decorazioni murali più ampie, cominciarono ad essere musealizzate intere absidi, cappelle, volte di chiese o stanze di edifici monumentali che ora, grazie ai progressi tecnici della prassi estrattista, potevano essere traslate nella loro totalità. Qualche tempo prima, infatti, in Lombardia, grazie alla spinta propulsiva del coevo gusto collezionistico – in particolare americano e anglosassone – e quindi agli stimoli del mondo antiquariale – che trovava nell’interesse per le Period rooms una scintilla fondamentale –, era cominciata la sperimentazione su metodologie estrattive e su supporti in grado di rendere mobili e quindi di riallestire quelle porzioni di affresco dipinte su superfici architettoniche non piane. Del resto, la possibilità di staccare qualsiasi superfice murale concava, e quindi interi ambienti frescati, apriva a imprese collezionistiche e museografiche precedentemente impensabili. Da quel momento interi cicli di affreschi medievali e rinascimentali lasceranno le loro architetture originali per essere riallestiti sui muri di un palazzo privato, come nelle sale di un museo, luoghi eletti ad ospitarli secondo approcci espostivi spesso e volentieri decisamente contrastanti. Soprattutto a partire dal secondo quarto del XX secolo, quando i musei italiani, ma anche quelli europei, si renderanno sempre più disponibili a impegnare spazi permanenti per la fruizione degli affreschi staccati.
Ciancabilla, L. (2025). The Removal of the Cycles of Frescoes Between the 19th and 20th Centuries: Stacco and Strappo vs. Museum Installations. ARTE MEDIEVALE, IV serie - anno XV, 2025, 263-276.
The Removal of the Cycles of Frescoes Between the 19th and 20th Centuries: Stacco and Strappo vs. Museum Installations
Luca Ciancabilla
2025
Abstract
Starting from the beginning of the 20th century, entire cycles of detached frescoes began to enter in museums. In Lombardy, since the second half of the previous century, the detachment’s technique had been improved, allowing new and more sophisticated procedures that enabled the detachment and the transfer onto canvas of any kind of pictorial surface: vertical on walls, but concave also, as a vault, an apse, or a dome of a church, as a ceiling of a palace, any huge wall painted in a non-regular architectural shape. Every fresco that would start from the top of the main wall of a room and extend up to the ceiling. From this date it was possible to recreate the original decorative painted unit in a different location. In a new palace, or in a museum. These new results of the strappo technique had a big impact on the taste of the collectors and museums from the last quarter of the 19th century, particularly in the American and Anglo-Saxon collections, thanks to the interest and love for Period rooms. For these reasons, from the second quarter of the 20th century, the new attitude to the architectural painted space will start a new trend for the museum display of detached frescoes.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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