Inverse Analysis for the optimization of a multiparametric geotechnical model in a transient seepage scenario|Analisi Inversa per l'ottimizzazione di un modello geotecnico multiparametrico in uno scenario di filtrazione transitoria

The accurate characterization of the transient water flow through unsaturated domains requires a precise knowledge of model parameters that govern the complex interactions of soil and fluid properties with boundary conditions. Inverse Analysis, a powerful computational technique, has emerged as a cornerstone in the process of estimating these parameters based on observational data. The paper explores the application of Inverse Analysis to transient seepage problems in unsaturated domains, providing insights into the use of indirect estimation techniques for determining critical model parameters. The transient seepage analyses refer to a specific case study, a river embankment section along the river Secchia (Modena, Italy), which has been extensively monitored for many years, providing a large database of observations to be used in such indirect process. By discussing potentials and limitations of this approach, when applied to multi-parametrical and multi-layered domains, the paper aims to foster a deeper understanding of its role in refining the accuracy and reliability of seepage models. Moreover, a comprehensive exploration of the use of both qualitative (graphical comparison) and quantitative (metrics and indices) methodologies for assessing the performance of indirect simulations is carried out with the final aim of identifying a fast and effective strategy to guide the choice of the most suited set of optimized model parameters.