“Production and Chemical Composition of Plasma Activated Water: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”

The physio-chemical interplay between cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) and water confers unique chemical and biological properties to the liquid, producing plasma-activated water (PAW). This review systematically examines various methodologies for PAW production, focusing on the effects of process parameters on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) concentration and pH levels in PAW. It presents detailed analyses of CAP sources, working gases, and treatment conditions, showcasing their impact on PAW processes. The extracted data are reprocessed to derive parameters such as mean energy density and RONS production efficiency. Specific plasma-water configurations exhibit notably higher production rates, indicating promising opportunities for advancing PAW generation techniques and enhancing its applicability in various fields.