Numerical investigation of a high-speed train underbody flows: Studying flow structures through large-eddy simulation and assessment of steady and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes and improved delayed detached eddy simulation performance

The underbody flow of a truncated, 1:10 scaled, CRH380A model is investigated at Re¼ 2.78 105 in this paper. The large-eddy simulation (LES) is used to study the main features of the development of the underbody flow under the snowplow, in the bogie/cavity region and after the cavity (equip-cabin region). A grid independence study and a validation against experimental data have been done prior to the investiga- tion. The snowplow region is dominated by a pair of separated counter-rotating vortices, which further affects the downstream flow. A strong shear layer is observed in the cavity region, and the turbulent flow is intensively triggered by the shear instability and the complex bogie com- ponents within the cavity region. The equip-cabin region allows the turbulent flow to develop without any disturbance, decreasing the turbu- lence intensity. Moreover, the steady and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS, URANS) model and the improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) are used to compute the same flow, and to compare the results to LES. The solution differences, in terms of aerodynamic forces and the underbody flow state, are analyzed. Specifically, the minimum velocity discrepancy, at line2, between RANS (URANS) and LES is 14.4%, while IDDES is 3.6%. The solution accuracy vs the computational cost is also reported.