Shared syntactic representations in non-native languages

How do speakers represent and process syntactic information in their second and third language? We investigated this question with cross-linguistic syntactic priming of passives from Spanish (L3) to English (L2). We found that cross-linguistic structural priming occurs between two non-native languages in intermediate to advanced speakers of English as an L2 and Spanish as an L3. We take these results to show that multilingual speakers have one integrated shared abstract representation of passives. The findings are compatible with the extension of the bilingual shared-syntax model to multilingual syntactic processing.