Factors affecting well-being and work activity in Italian dental hygienists during COVID-19 emergency

Objectives. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of the COVID 19 pandemic in terms of work-related stress on a sample of 424 Italian dental hygienists (rate response 98%). It was tested which factors may influence most the perception of stress among Italian dental hygienists, which coping strategies hygienists adopted, and which protective factors may help them to cope with stress. Methods. Data were collected during a phase of moderate improvement of epidemiological conditions in Italy (Summer 2021 - from June to September) through an online questionnaire, 424 questionnaires were considered for analysis. Results. Results show a perception of good satisfaction among participants about their job, although the level of stress perception seems to be significant. They have also a perception of effective risk management in the workplace. The elements that seem to influence mostly work-related stress levels are associated to 1) repetitive movements and postural changes due to the use of mechanical tools; 2) the use of personal protective equipment (e.g., surgery masks, gloves, etc.); 3) Relations with patients. Results show that participants tend to implement coping strategies such as physical activity and/or spending time with family and/or friends, but it seems that at an organizational level no systematic measures have been taken. Conclusion. This study shows some protective factors that may help in coping with work-related stress, such as support from the dentist, a good work-life balance, role clarity with respect to the operational and professional role, the perception of self-efficacy at work, good integration into the teamwork and perceived support from colleagues.