Time-related factors affecting performance management systems implementation in municipalities

Performance management systems (PMSs) are being increasingly implemented in public sector organisations, although with varying degrees of success. Our study considers time-related factors as drivers which influence the implementation of PMSs. We have identified several time-related factors that play a role in the effective implementation of these systems. In particular, our findings show how time-related concepts – duration, paths, windows of opportunity, cycles, causal mechanisms and multiple perspectives – help to understand the final configuration of PMSs.