Multi-Channel Operation for the Release 2 of ETSI Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems

Vehicles and road infrastructure are starting to be equipped with vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication solutions to increase road safety and provide new services to drivers and passengers. In Europe, the deployment is based on a set of Release 1 standards developed by ETSI to support basic use cases for cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITS). For them, the capacity of a single 10 MHz channel in the ITS band at 5.9 GHz is considered sufficient. At the same time, the ITS stakeholders are working toward several advanced use cases, which imply a significant increment of data traffic and the need for multiple channels. To address this issue, ETSI has recently standardized a new multi-channel operation (MCO) concept for flexible, efficient, and futureproof use of multiple channels. This new concept is defined in a set of new specifications that represent the foundation for the future releases of C-ITS standards. The present article provides a comprehensive review of the new set of specifications, describing the main entities that extend the C-ITS architecture at the different layers of the protocol stack. In addition, the article provides representative examples that describe how these MCO standards will be used in the future and discusses some of the main open issues arising. The review and analysis of this article facilitate the understanding and motivation of the new set of Release 2 ETSI specifications for MCO and the identification of new research opportunities.