Analysis of the distribution and orientation of oxygenated and non-oxygenated blood in a double outlet right ventricle

Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a malformation of the fetal heart in utero that affects the ventricular chambers. It usually presents with a displacement of the aorta and more than half the circumference of both arterial valves in the right ventricle. A peculiar characteristic is given by an interventricular septal defect (VSD), which allows communication between the left ventricle and the right with consequent mixing of oxygenated and non-oxygenated blood inside the cavities. A crucial question in assessing the degree of severity of functional dysfunction concerns the percentage of oxygenated blood that is ejected into the primary circulation via the aorta, a result that depends on the details of the vortex flow pattern within the two ventricular chambers. This study analyzes a complete DORV case through the use of numerical simulations that allow to identify the concentrations of oxygenated and non-oxygenated blood passing through this geometry. Results show that the VSD presents a significant impact on the fluid dynamic performance of the two ventricles. The analysis of blood concentration allowed to quantify the presence of oxygenated blood ejected into the pulmonary artery and of non-oxygenated blood into the aortic artery. The analysis of this specific case aims to demonstrate how the fluid dynamics analysis of this rare malformation, properly coupled with imaging technology, can provide information that could not be obtained otherwise and that are relevant for a careful clinical management including timely therapeutic intervention.