This paper investigates the Greek narrative(s) of the structure and composition of the Achaemenid fleets. In fact, in Herodotus and much of the later tradition, and thus consequently in the common opinion, it is assumed that the peoples of the Eastern Mediterranean coast subjugated by the Persians were the suppliers to the Great King not only of the crews and of their well-acquainted expertise in the practice of the sea, but also of the warships themselves (i.e., the hulls). What seems to emerge from these sources, therefore, is a picture in which the Great King’s control over the naval units of the Persian fleets (at least from the great exploits of the early 5th century B.C. onwards) would have been essentially limited to their use in times of conflict. According to this position, the Achaemenid rulers would not have directly managed the production of warships, nor would they have held their continuous and official ‘ownership’, to the advantage of their maritime subjects. The synthesis of that representation can be found explicitly in the recurrent expression παρέχειν τὰς νέας (lit. «to furnish the ships»), which occurs repeatedly in most of Greek sources on the subject. In the present study, this view is the object of a (re-)investigation that aims to trace the historical backgrounds that led the Greeks of the 5th century B.C. to elaborate it, and that then contributed to its diffusion in later periods.

Questo contributo indaga la rappresentazione greca dei meccanismi di allestimento e di funzionamento delle flotte achemenidi. In Erodoto e in larga parte della tradizione successiva, e così per conseguenza nella comune vulgata, sono infatti le genti della costa mediterranea soggetta ai Persiani a fornire al Gran Re non soltanto gli equipaggi e la loro esperienza nella pratica del mare, bensì anche le imbarcazioni da guerra stesse (gli scafi). Quello che sembra emergere da queste fonti è, allora, un quadro per cui il controllo del Gran Re sulle unità navali delle flotte persiane (perlomeno a partire dai grandi exploits di inizio V secolo a.C.) si sarebbe essenzialmente limitato al loro utilizzo in periodo di conflitto. Secondo questa posizione, vale a dire, i sovrani achemenidi non avrebbero gestito direttamente la produzione delle navi da guerra, né ne avrebbero detenuto la ‘proprietà’ in maniera continuativa, a vantaggio dei sudditi della costa mediterranea. Riassunta nella ricorrente espressione παρέχειν τὰς νέας («fornire le navi»), questa visione viene nel presente saggio sottoposta ad un (ri)esame, con l’obiettivo di rintracciare i presupposti che, in termini di esperienze storiche vissute o recepite dai Greci durante il V secolo a.C., condussero questi ultimi ad elaborarla, e che furono alla base della sua diffusione nei periodi successivi.

Vittorio Cisnetti (2023). Νέας παρείχοντο. Modelli ed esperienze storiche alle origini della visione greca sulla struttura delle flotte achemenidi. HISTORIKÀ, 13, 11-52 [10.13135/2039-4985/10321].

Νέας παρείχοντο. Modelli ed esperienze storiche alle origini della visione greca sulla struttura delle flotte achemenidi

Vittorio Cisnetti
2023

Abstract

This paper investigates the Greek narrative(s) of the structure and composition of the Achaemenid fleets. In fact, in Herodotus and much of the later tradition, and thus consequently in the common opinion, it is assumed that the peoples of the Eastern Mediterranean coast subjugated by the Persians were the suppliers to the Great King not only of the crews and of their well-acquainted expertise in the practice of the sea, but also of the warships themselves (i.e., the hulls). What seems to emerge from these sources, therefore, is a picture in which the Great King’s control over the naval units of the Persian fleets (at least from the great exploits of the early 5th century B.C. onwards) would have been essentially limited to their use in times of conflict. According to this position, the Achaemenid rulers would not have directly managed the production of warships, nor would they have held their continuous and official ‘ownership’, to the advantage of their maritime subjects. The synthesis of that representation can be found explicitly in the recurrent expression παρέχειν τὰς νέας (lit. «to furnish the ships»), which occurs repeatedly in most of Greek sources on the subject. In the present study, this view is the object of a (re-)investigation that aims to trace the historical backgrounds that led the Greeks of the 5th century B.C. to elaborate it, and that then contributed to its diffusion in later periods.
2023
Vittorio Cisnetti (2023). Νέας παρείχοντο. Modelli ed esperienze storiche alle origini della visione greca sulla struttura delle flotte achemenidi. HISTORIKÀ, 13, 11-52 [10.13135/2039-4985/10321].
Vittorio Cisnetti
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11585/970054
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