Scripting methods in topographic data processing on the example of Ethiopia

This study evaluates the geomorphometric parameters of the topography in Ethiopia using scripting cartographic methods by applying R languages (packages 'tmap' and 'raster') and Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) for 2D and 3D topographic modelling. Data were collected from the open source repositories on geospatial data with high resolution: GEBCO with 15 arc-second and ETOPO1 with 1 arc-minute resolution and embedded dataset of SRTM 90 m in 'raster' library of R. The study demonstrated application of the programming approaches in cartographic data visualization and mapping for geomorphometric analysis. This included modelling of slope steepness, aspect and hillshade visualized using DEM SRTM90 to derive geomorphometric parameters of slope, aspect and hillshade of Ethiopia and demonstrate contrasting topography and variability climate setting of Ethiopia. The topography of the country is mapped, including Great Rift Valley, Afar Depression, Ogaden Desert and the most distinctive features of the Ethiopian Highlands. A variety of topographical zones is demonstrated on the presented maps. The results include 6 new maps made using programming console-based approach which is a novel method of cartographic visualization compared to traditional GIS software. The most important fragments of the codes are presented and technical explanations are provided. The presented series of 6 new maps contributes to the cartographic data on Ethiopia and presents the methodology of scripting mapping techniques.