Learning of clinical pharmacology by future prescribers in Bologna: Teachers' and students' reflections on the way forward

Aims: In this reflection paper, the authors, based on their experience as teachers and students of the courses of Pharmacology at the University of Bologna, reflect on their specific roles towards innovation in the teaching of Clinical Pharmacology. Methods: Strengths, weaknesses and challenges are presented as identified during the teaching and learning experience in the currently evolving medical degree programmes of the University in light of current trends in medical education. Results: Keeping in mind the identified challenges together with the features proposed for the model prescriber (knowledgeable, contemporary, communicative and safe), we indicate some ways to improve the students' experience and make sure they develop up-to-date skills in Clinical Pharmacology taking advantage of recent ongoing collaborations at European level. International collaboration is indeed necessary to adequately address the current challenges of teaching clinical pharmacology. Conclusion: Our shared conclusion is that empowering students with a scientifically sound method to retrieve relevant information and developing their skills to communicate in an interprofessional and, wherever possible, international environment is the key to prepare future prescribers and, ultimately, to improve patient safety.