A Comparative Study of Simple and Complex Art Interpretations in Linked Open Data Using ICON Ontology

This paper focuses on exploring how art interpretation can be efficiently represented within the linked open data framework, according to two main scenarios. To do so, we first introduce ICON 2.0, a (lighter) extension of the iconographical and iconological artworks interpretations ontology (ICON) for the description of artwork subjects and meanings, and then we compare data encoded with the original (more complex) version with the extended version. ICON 2.0 introduces super-properties of chains to create shortcuts, enabling direct links between artworks and their respective first, second, and third level of interpretation subjects. By leveraging these super-properties, the extended ontology aims to streamline the process of connecting artworks with their associated subjects and cultural contexts. Throughout the study, we assess the benefits and shortcomings of using either ICON or ICON 2.0. We examine their potential impact on information retrieval, efficiency, and information loss, taking into consideration real-case scenarios of the integration of cultural heritage linked open data from current knowledge graphs. We show how the superproperty-based extension can be used to describe simple interpretations without information loss and avoiding redundant reifications, and how it can coexist with more complex descriptions by facilitating the retrieval of the subject matter. However, we also identify tradeoffs regarding the use of shortcuts in the conceptualisation of contrasting interpretations. The study concludes by providing valuable insights into the practical implications of these approaches for enriching the accessibility and depth of art interpretation in the linked open data ecosystem.