The Prognostic Value of the Serum Level of C-Reactive Protein for Survival of Children with Ewing’s Sarcoma

Simple Summary Ewing's sarcoma is a highly aggressive malignant small round-cell tumor that mainly affects children and adolescents. A raised level of C-reactive protein (CRP) seems to be an indicator of poor prognosis in several cancers. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic role of CRP in children with Ewing's sarcoma in relation to previously cited variables, including age, gender, tumor volume, tumor site, chemotherapy-induced necrosis, and other inflammatory biomarkers. The identification of reliable prognostic factors could help to identify high-risk patients, which may require a different treatment and follow up. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in children with Ewing's sarcoma. We conducted a retrospective study on 151 children undergoing multimodal treatment for Ewing's sarcoma in the appendicular skeleton from December 1997 to June 2020. Univariate Kaplan-Meier analyses of laboratory biomarkers and clinical parameters showed that CRP and metastatic disease at presentation were poor prognostic factors associated with overall survival and disease recurrence at 5 years (p < 0.05). A multivariate Cox regression model showed that pathological CRP (>= 1.0 mg/dL) [HR of 3.67; 95% CI, 1.46 to 10.42] and metastatic disease [HR of 4.27; 95% CI, 1.58 to 11.47] were associated with a higher risk of death at 5 years (p < 0.05). In addition, pathological CRP (>= 1.0 mg/dL) [HR of 2.66; 95% CI, 1.23 to 6.01] and metastatic disease [HR of 2.56; 95% CI, 1.13 to 5.55] were associated with a higher risk of disease recurrence at 5 years (p < 0.05). Our findings demonstrated that CRP was associated with the prognosis of children with Ewing's sarcoma. We recommend pre-treatment measurement of the CRP in order to recognize children with Ewing's sarcoma who are at greater risk of death or local recurrence.