Drivers and risk factors for Influenza A virus transmission across species barriers are poorly understood, despite the ever present threat to human and animal health potentially on a pandemic scale. Here we review the published evidence for epidemiological risk factors associated with influenza viruses transmitting between animal species and from animals to humans. A total of 39 papers were found with evidence of epidemiological risk factors for influenza virus transmission from animals to humans; 18 of which had some statistical measure associated with the transmission of a virus. Circumstantial or observational evidence of risk factors for transmission between animal species was found in 21 papers, including proximity to infected animals, ingestion of infected material and potential association with a species known to carry influenza virus. Only three publications were found which presented a statistical measure of an epidemiological risk factor for the transmission of influenza between animal species. This review has identified a significant gap in knowledge regarding epidemiological risk factors for the transmission of influenza viruses between animal species.
Epidemiological Risk Factors for Animal Influenza A Viruses Overcoming Species Barriers / Harris, Kate A.; Freidl, Gudrun S.; Munoz, Olga S.; von Dobschuetz, Sophie; De Nardi, Marco; Wieland, Barbara; Koopmans, Marion P. G.; Stärk, Katharina D. C.; van Reeth, Kristien; Dauphin, Gwen; Meijer, Adam; de Bruin, Erwin; Capua, Ilaria; Hill, Andy A.; Kosmider, Rowena; Banks, Jill; Stevens, Kim; van der Werf, Sylvie; Enouf, Vincent; van der Meulen, Karen; Brown, Ian H.; Alexander, Dennis J.; Breed, Andrew C.. - In: ECOHEALTH. - ISSN 1612-9202. - ELETTRONICO. - 14:2(2017), pp. 342-360. [10.1007/s10393-017-1244-y]
Epidemiological Risk Factors for Animal Influenza A Viruses Overcoming Species Barriers
De Nardi, Marco;
2017
Abstract
Drivers and risk factors for Influenza A virus transmission across species barriers are poorly understood, despite the ever present threat to human and animal health potentially on a pandemic scale. Here we review the published evidence for epidemiological risk factors associated with influenza viruses transmitting between animal species and from animals to humans. A total of 39 papers were found with evidence of epidemiological risk factors for influenza virus transmission from animals to humans; 18 of which had some statistical measure associated with the transmission of a virus. Circumstantial or observational evidence of risk factors for transmission between animal species was found in 21 papers, including proximity to infected animals, ingestion of infected material and potential association with a species known to carry influenza virus. Only three publications were found which presented a statistical measure of an epidemiological risk factor for the transmission of influenza between animal species. This review has identified a significant gap in knowledge regarding epidemiological risk factors for the transmission of influenza viruses between animal species.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
