A first approach in the correlation of pathogens load affecting Bombus pauloensis to the land use in Buenos Aires Province

Bombus pauloensis is a native bumble bee species widely distributed over South America and a key pollinator for native plants and commercial crops. This species is affected by pathogens such as Nosema ceranae, Crithidia bombi and Apis mellifera Filamentous Virus (AmFV). This work aims to document the presence and intensity of exogenous pathogens on the native bumble bee B. pauloensis in different periods of the year during spring and summer. Bumble bees were sampled in four study areas with contrasting land uses to pre-liminary evaluate if anthropization levels can be related to the presence and intensity of pathogens. DNA was isolated from twenty individuals per sampling site and N. ceranae, C. bombi and AmFV pathogens load were quantified by quantitative PCR. The results showed a wide and ubiquitous prevalence of N. ceranae and C. bombi pathogens in all the sampled bumble bees throughout the year, with a pathogens load that did not differ significantly among the sampling sites. AmFV was undetected in any of the individuals analyzed in any sampling site. This suggests that human activities could equally impact all habitats popu-lated by B. pauloensis. Honey bees were detected with a relevant abundance in all the sam-pling sites and could be one of the main anthropogenic drivers of pathogens spread and host switches in the analyzed sampling sites. This study analyzes the general occurrence of the prevalence and intensity of the pathogens in a native Argentinian bumble bee species and attempts the correlation with the land use