The effect of hyaluronic acid on human fibroblasts: An in vitro study

The linear glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid is a component of many body organs and tissues, such as the extracellular matrix of connective tissue, skin, synovial fluid, and embryonic mesenchymal tissue, naturally occurring with a high molecular weight. Hyaluronic acid can also be detected in the soft periodontal tissues (gingiva and periodontal ligament). Hyaluronic acid biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, non-immunogenic and non-inflammatory properties make it applicable to bioengineering and biomedicine fields. Its molecular weight influences the biological effects of hyaluronic acid. High-molecular weight hyaluronic acid causes the suppression of immune response, avoiding the exacerbations of inflammation; on the other hand, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid takes part in tissue damage signaling and immune cell mobilization. Thanks to these properties, hyaluronic acid can be considered a promoter of soft tissue and bone healing. This study evaluates the effect of hyaluronic acid with different molecular weights on fibroblasts.