Is simultaneous occurrence of meningioma and glioblastoma a mere coincidence?

Background: It is extremely unusual for multiple tumors to arise from different cell types and occur at the same time inside the brain. It is still unknown whether or not the coexistence of meningioma and glioblastoma is connected in any way or if their simultaneous appearance is merely a coincidence. Objective: We conduct a comprehensive literature review on cases of concurrent meningioma and glioblastoma occurrence to elucidate the underlying concepts that may constitute this coexistence. Methods: We searched for articles on the topic of glioblastoma coexisting with meningioma in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. First, the initial literature searches were conducted for study selection and the data collection processes. After evaluating the title and abstract, the papers were selected. Results: We analyzed 21 studies describing 23 patients who had both glioblastoma and meningioma. There were ten male patients (47.6 %) and thirteen female patients (61.9 %). The mean age of patients at diagnosis was 61 years old (the range 30 to 86). In 17 cases, both tumors were in the same hemisphere (80.9 %). In 5 cases, they were in the other hemisphere (23.8 %), and in one case, the glioblastoma was in the left hemisphere and the olfactory meningioma was In 5 cases, they were in the other hemisphere (23.8 %), and in one case, the glioblastoma was in the left hemisphere and the olfactory meningioma was in the anterior cranial fossa. In 61.9 % of cases, headache was the predominant symptom. Conclusion: Understanding the unique challenges posed by the coexistence of glioblastoma and meningioma is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. Further investigation into the underlying molecular mechanisms and genetic factors involved in this rare occurrence could pave the way for personalized therapies tailored to each patient's specific needs.