Subsidence is an ancient phenomenon present in various areas of the Po Valley and the Adriatic coast, characterized by a slow but progressive sinking of the ground. In some historic cities, particularly in Ravenna, this has led to substantial transformations of its urban layout and monuments. This process, starting from the mid-20th century, has been gradually exacerbated by the industrial extraction of subsurface fluids, causing significant environmental impacts to the extent that legislative measures and adaptive strategies have become necessary to address it. The alluvial nature of the soils upon which Ravenna is built and the surrounding territory have long contributed to the challenging preservation of its historical built heritage. The phenomenon of climate change that has affected the planet in recent years has also led to increasingly frequent and severe meteorological events in these areas, as well as sea-level rise, causing profound territorial and environmental transformations in a so-called "domino effect." While a direct relationship between subsidence and climate change is not fully documented, it is undeniable that the microclimatic conditions of Ravenna and its monumental heritage, the presence of underground watercourses and high water tables, and the nature of the soils underlying the city are necessarily influenced by the evolving and changing climate. The essay analyzes the nature of the subsidence problem, the intervention methods to protect the monumental heritage from the 19th century to the present day, and ultimately focuses on the new conservation strategies in light of ongoing and concluded research projects, including the SIRIUS project (Strategies for the Management of Cultural Heritage at Risk) and the H2020 SHELTER project (Sustainable Historic Environments holistic reconstruction through Technological Enhancement and community-based Resilience), characterized by a comprehensive approach to the challenges of safeguarding a site, specifically the 5th-century Basilica of Santa Croce, located in the buffer zone of the San Vitale monumental area, one of the city's eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
La subsidenza è un fenomeno antico presente in diverse aree della Pianura Padana e della costa adriatica che si manifesta con un lento ma progressivo abbassamento dei suoli. In alcune città storiche, in particolar modo a Ravenna, esso è all’origine delle sostanziali trasformazioni del sedime urbano e dei suoi monumenti. Si tratta di un processo che, a partire dalla metà del secolo scorso, si è andato via via aggravando con l’estrazione industriale dei fluidi del sottosuolo, determinando impatti ambientali rilevanti al punto da rendere necessari provvedimenti legislativi e strategie adattive per tentare di porvi rimedio. La natura alluvionale dei suoli su cui sorgono Ravenna e il territorio limitrofo concorrono quindi da tempo a rendere problematica la conservazione del patrimonio costruito storico. I cambiamenti climatici che in questi anni hanno segnato il pianeta hanno causato, anche in queste zone, eventi metereologici estremi sempre più frequenti e intesi, oltre che l’innalzamento del livello del mare, generando profonde trasformazioni a livello territoriale e ambientale secondo il cosiddetto ‘effetto domino’. Sebbene la specifica relazione fra subsidenza e mutamento del clima non sia stata ancora chiarita, le condizioni climatiche e microclimatiche in cui si trovano la città e il suo patrimonio storico-architettonico, l’abbondanza di corsi d’acqua sotterranei e alte falde acquifere, la natura del sottosuolo risultano comunque influenzati dall’evoluzione e dalla modifica delle condizioni ambientali. Il contributo analizza le problematiche della subsidenza, le modalità d’intervento per la tutela del patrimonio monumentale dal XIX sec. ad oggi e sintetizza infine alcune le nuove proposte di cura elaborati nell’ambito di progetti di ricerca in fieri e conclusi. Fra questi figurano i progetti SIRIUS Strategie per la gestione del patrimonio culturale a rischio e H2020 SHELTER (Sustainable Historic Environments hoListic reconstruction through Technological Enhancement and community-based Resilience), quest’ultimo caratterizzato da un approccio olistico alla salvaguardia di uno degli otto siti nella lista Unesco della città, relativo alla basilica di Santa Croce (V sec.), nella buffer zone dell’area monumentale di San Vitale.
Andrea Ugolini (2023). Antiche subsidenze e nuovi cambiamenti climatici: le sfide attuali per il patrimonio monumentale di Ravenna. MATERIALI E STRUTTURE, XII(24), 27-44.
Antiche subsidenze e nuovi cambiamenti climatici: le sfide attuali per il patrimonio monumentale di Ravenna
Andrea Ugolini
Primo
2023
Abstract
Subsidence is an ancient phenomenon present in various areas of the Po Valley and the Adriatic coast, characterized by a slow but progressive sinking of the ground. In some historic cities, particularly in Ravenna, this has led to substantial transformations of its urban layout and monuments. This process, starting from the mid-20th century, has been gradually exacerbated by the industrial extraction of subsurface fluids, causing significant environmental impacts to the extent that legislative measures and adaptive strategies have become necessary to address it. The alluvial nature of the soils upon which Ravenna is built and the surrounding territory have long contributed to the challenging preservation of its historical built heritage. The phenomenon of climate change that has affected the planet in recent years has also led to increasingly frequent and severe meteorological events in these areas, as well as sea-level rise, causing profound territorial and environmental transformations in a so-called "domino effect." While a direct relationship between subsidence and climate change is not fully documented, it is undeniable that the microclimatic conditions of Ravenna and its monumental heritage, the presence of underground watercourses and high water tables, and the nature of the soils underlying the city are necessarily influenced by the evolving and changing climate. The essay analyzes the nature of the subsidence problem, the intervention methods to protect the monumental heritage from the 19th century to the present day, and ultimately focuses on the new conservation strategies in light of ongoing and concluded research projects, including the SIRIUS project (Strategies for the Management of Cultural Heritage at Risk) and the H2020 SHELTER project (Sustainable Historic Environments holistic reconstruction through Technological Enhancement and community-based Resilience), characterized by a comprehensive approach to the challenges of safeguarding a site, specifically the 5th-century Basilica of Santa Croce, located in the buffer zone of the San Vitale monumental area, one of the city's eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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