High-Precision Model for Accurate Simulation of Trolleybus Grids: Case Study of Bologna

The integration of renewable sources to catenary-powered electric traction systems is a paramount step to satisfy sustainability and smart city objectives, albeit necessitating accurate simulations of the infrastructure. This paper presents an innovative trolleybus network simulator, characterised by the modularity of the catenary model and built on an intuitive graphical user interface that offers significant topological change flexibility. The model is distinguished by high precision and moderate processing effort, bridging the gaps of existing block-based simulation tools. A graphical analysis of the voltage distribution evaluated in a section of Bologna's trolleybus network shows the advances in precision of the proposed model.