Coordinated planning of charging swapping stations and active distribution network based on EV spatial-temporal load forecasting

Electric vehicles (EVs) charging swapping stations (CSSs), as well as multi-functional integrated charging and swapping facilities (CSFs), have become important to reduce the impact of e-mobility on the electric power distribution system. This paper presents a coordinated planning optimization strategy for CSSs/CSFs and active distribution networks (AND) that includes distributed generation. The approach is based on the application of a specifically developed spatial-temporal load forecasting method of both plug-in EVs (PEVs) and swapping EVs (SEVs). The approach is formulated as a mathematical programming optimization model that provides the location and sizing of new CSSs, the best active distribution network topology, the required distributed generation, and substation capacities. The developed model is solved using CPLEX, and its characteristics and performances are evaluated through a realistic case study.