Erythropoietin in patients undergoing elective joint arthroplasty and preoperative autologous blood donation

Purpose. The aim of this study was to determine whether erythropoyetin (EPO) supplementation permits an adequate autologous blood donation prior to elective hip or knee arthroplasty in patients with boundary hematocrit and hemoglobin (Hb) levels. Materials and methods. Between January 2000 and December 2001, sixty-six patients were included in this study who required total hip or knee arthroplasty and who had also been enrolled in a preoperative transfusion program. Patients were classified into two groups, taking into account their hemoglobin levels: those with Hb < 13 g/dl (group 1, 37 patients) received EPO (10.000 IU, 3 times a week) throughout the transfusion program whereas those with Hb > 13 g/dl (group 2, 29 patients) were not given EPO before or during the self-transfusion program. Blood was extracted from patients in both groups once a week for one to three weeks; all patients received oral iron supplementation. In all patients, median hemoglobin and hematocrit values were determined before the first blood extraction (baseline values), during the preoperative period and at discharge; a record was made of the amount of blood extracted and transfused for each group. Twenty patients were excluded during the study since they did not fulfill the inclusion criteria (group 1: n = 12; group 2: n = 8). Lastly, the data corresponding to 46 patients was statistically analyzed (group 1: n = 25; group 2: n = 21). Results. Although the median baseline hemoglobin and hematocrit values for group 2 were significantly higher than those for group 1 (p < 0.001), no differences were observed between both groups regarding their median levels during the preoperative and postoperative periods or at discharge. Nor any differences were observed regarding the amount of blood extracted and transfused. Conclusions. Differences observed in the baseline hemoglobin and hematocrit levels between the two groups were fully resolved thanks to the prophylactic administration of EPO during the preoperative self-transfusion program, which was concluded appropriately even for patients with boundary hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.