Can heavy neutrinos dominate neutrinoless double beta decay?

We study whether a dominant contribution to neutrinoless double beta decay coming from extra heavy degrees of freedom, introduced to generate the light neutrino masses, can dominate over the light neutrino contribution. It has been shown that this may occur at tree level if the light neutrino contribution partially cancels out. Here we focus on this case, specifically in the context of type-I seesaw models, paying special attention to the one-loop corrections to light neutrino masses, their contribution to the process and correlation with the heavy sector. We perform a general analysis without restricting the study to any particular region of the parameter space, although interesting limits associated with inverse and extended seesawlike models are discussed in more detail. It turns out that the heavy neutrinos can dominate the process only in those limits. For the inverse seesaw limit, we find a very constrained allowed region of the parameter space, with heavy neutrino masses around 5 GeV. The extended seesaw case allows for a larger region, but in general, a hierarchical spectrum of heavy neutrinos with masses above and below similar to 100 MeV is required.