The "Combo" radiotherapy treatment for high-risk grade 2 meningiomas: dose escalation and initial safety and efficacy analysis

Purpose The subgroup "high-risk" WHO grade 2 (hRG2) meningiomas may benefit from adjuvant radiation therapy (RT), but results are still suboptimal with high rates of local progression. A dose escalation using high-conformal RT techniques needs to be evaluated in terms of efficacy and safety. We report the results of a dose-escalation study, named "Combo-RT", combining Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) or Volumetric Arc Therapy (VMAT) with Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy (hSRT) boost. Patients and methods From November 2015 to January 2019, we prospectively enrolled 16 patients with hRG2. Seven patients had subtotal resection (STR) and 9 patients had a recurrent tumor. All patients received Combo-RT: LINAC-IMRT/ VMAT on the surgical bed and CyberKnife-hSRT boost on residual/recurrent meningioma Toxicity and initial efficacy were evaluated. Results The median age was 62 years (range, 31-80 years). The median cumulative dose delivered was 46 Gy For IMRT or VMAT and 15 Gy in 3 fractions at a median isodose line of 77% for hSRT. The median cumulative BED and EQD2 were 108.75 Gy and 72.5 Gy respectively. 3-year-PFS was 75% for the whole cohort,100% for patients with STR, and 55.5% for recurrent patients. Negligible toxicities, and stable or improved symptoms during long-term follow-up were observed. Salvage treatment for recurrence was an independent predictor of treatment failure (P = 0.025). Conclusions With the limitation of a small series of patients, our results suggest that a dose escalation for hRG2 meningiomas, using a Combo-RT approach, is safe and particularly effective in the subgroup of patients with STR. Further studies are warranted.