Multiple prohibited ingredients detected in nutritional supplements in a case of adverse analytical finding (AAF)

Doping itself is considered by most athletes as “dishonest, unhealthy, and/or risky because of sanctions”; however, the attitude on performance-enhancing substances (PES) is more tolerant. Dietary supplement consumption in sport is considered by the athletes as advisable for improving recovery ability (66%), improving muscle performance (22%), enhancing the immune system (40%), and also to protect health (45%). However, data collected by some authors display those supplements that are often used without full understanding or evaluation of the potential benefits and risks associated with their use and without consultation with sports nutrition professionals.1 Dietary supplement market worldwide is estimated for 2022 at USD 155.2 billion and projected to reach USD 220.8 billion by 2027. Among the consumers, athletes play a major role. Between 40% and 100% of athletes typically use supplements, depending on the type of sport, level of competition, and the definition of supplements. However, supplementation may not improve performance and may have a detrimental effect on both performance and health. Dietary supplements are classified as a subcategory of food, so manufacturers are not required to provide evidence of product safety and efficacy nor obtain approval from regulatory bodie