Modelling approaches to food waste: Discrete event simulation; machine learning; Bayesian networks; agent-based modelling; and mass balance estimation

The generation of food waste at both suppliers’ and consumers’ levels stems from a complex set of interacting behaviours. Computational and mathematical models provide various methods to simulate, diagnose and predict different aspects within the complex system of food waste generation and prevention. This chapter outlines four different modelling approaches that have been used previously to investigate food waste. Discrete Event Simulation: which has been used to examine how the shelf life of milk and many actions taken around shopping and use of milk within a household influence food waste. Machine Learning and Bayesian networks: which have been used to provide insight into the determinates of household food waste. Agent Based Simulation: which has been used to provide insight into how innovation can reduce retail food waste. Mass Balance estimation which has been used to model and estimate food waste from data related to human metabolism and calories consumed.