This article focuses on Adam's 'substance' or matter at the stage of his creation, in which the Earth, according to some of the texts examined here (al-Ṭabarī/Bal'amī and Sūrābādī in primis), refuses to concede its dust to the angels appointed by God. This is an episode that had penetrated from Jewish tradition into the various 'Histories of the Prophets' written in the Islamic Middle Ages. The examination of this episode, variously taken up in Persian or Arabic works written by Iranian authors, starts from the 'History of Bal'amī' (10th cent., who translates the 'History of al-Ṭabarī' into Persian and rewrites it). Then the Author dwells on the rewriting of Sūrābādī (11th cent.), who in particular adds a curious passage according to which on the substance of Adam 'God rained down forty days of rain of Nostalgia/Pain and a single hour of rain of Joy'. This is an intriguing passage, destined to reverberate in other later Iranian authors (including the Arabic ones) such as Najm al-Dīn Rāzī Dayé, Najm al-Dīn Kubrà, and al-Sahlajī (who passes on the sayings of Abū Yazīd al-Bisṭāmī), Ḥāfeẓ, Rūmī and 'Aṭṭār Neyshābūrī, in whom, however, by virtue of their proximity to mystical practice and speculation, the 'substance' of Adam is enriched with further bacchic-loving aspects. Love as the substance and at the same time the motor/stimulus of Adam's creation finds a different declination in the contemporary secular poet Aḥmad Shāmlū, who, however, distorts and originally reinterprets the relationship between God the Earth and Adam, that has emerged since the earliest texts that are the subject of the present analysis.
Il presente articolo si sofferma sulla “sostanza” o materia di Adamo nella fase della sua creazione, in cui la Terra, secondo alcuni testi qui esaminati (al-Ṭabarī/Bal‘amī e Sūrābādī in primis), rifiuta di concedere la sua polvere agli angeli incaricati da Dio. Si tratta di un episodio che dalla tradizione ebraica era penetrato nelle varie “Storie dei Profeti” redatte nel medioevo islamico. La disamina di tale episodio, variamente ripreso nelle opere persiane o arabe scritte da autori iranici, parte dalla “Storia di Bal‘amī” (X sec.). Quindi l'Autrice si sofferma sulla riscrittura di Sūrābādī (sec. XI) che in particolare vi aggiunge un curioso passo secondo cui sulla sostanza d’Adamo “Dio fece piovere quaranta giorni di pioggia di Nostalgia/Dolore e una sola ora di pioggia della Gioia”. Passo intrigante, destinato a riverberarsi pure in altri posteriori autori iranici (inclusi quelli arabografi) quali Najm al-Dīn Rāzī Dayé, Najm al-Dīn Kubrà, al-Sahlajī (che tramanda i detti di Abū Yazīd al-Bisṭāmī), Ḥāfeẓ, Rūmī e ‘Aṭṭār Neyshābūrī, nei quali tuttavia, in virtù della loro vicinanza alla pratica e alla speculazione mistica, la “sostanza” di Adamo si arricchisce di ulteriori aspetti bacchico-amorosi. L’amore quale sostanza e insieme motore/stimolo della creazione d’Adamo trova una diversa declinazione nel poeta laico contemporaneo Aḥmad Shāmlū, il quale però stravolge e originalmente reinterpreta la relazione tra Dio la Terra e Adamo emersa sin dai testi più antichi oggetto della presente analisi.
Nahid Norozi (2021). La “pioggia della nostalgia” e la sostanza di Adamo nella letteratura irano-islamica. Milano-Udine : Mimesis Edizioni.
La “pioggia della nostalgia” e la sostanza di Adamo nella letteratura irano-islamica
Nahid Norozi
2021
Abstract
This article focuses on Adam's 'substance' or matter at the stage of his creation, in which the Earth, according to some of the texts examined here (al-Ṭabarī/Bal'amī and Sūrābādī in primis), refuses to concede its dust to the angels appointed by God. This is an episode that had penetrated from Jewish tradition into the various 'Histories of the Prophets' written in the Islamic Middle Ages. The examination of this episode, variously taken up in Persian or Arabic works written by Iranian authors, starts from the 'History of Bal'amī' (10th cent., who translates the 'History of al-Ṭabarī' into Persian and rewrites it). Then the Author dwells on the rewriting of Sūrābādī (11th cent.), who in particular adds a curious passage according to which on the substance of Adam 'God rained down forty days of rain of Nostalgia/Pain and a single hour of rain of Joy'. This is an intriguing passage, destined to reverberate in other later Iranian authors (including the Arabic ones) such as Najm al-Dīn Rāzī Dayé, Najm al-Dīn Kubrà, and al-Sahlajī (who passes on the sayings of Abū Yazīd al-Bisṭāmī), Ḥāfeẓ, Rūmī and 'Aṭṭār Neyshābūrī, in whom, however, by virtue of their proximity to mystical practice and speculation, the 'substance' of Adam is enriched with further bacchic-loving aspects. Love as the substance and at the same time the motor/stimulus of Adam's creation finds a different declination in the contemporary secular poet Aḥmad Shāmlū, who, however, distorts and originally reinterprets the relationship between God the Earth and Adam, that has emerged since the earliest texts that are the subject of the present analysis.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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