Production and diffusion of scientific results in oncology

The production of data from oncological research must follow specific steps linked to the type of research carried out. Research can be subdivided into the following areas: translational research, clinical research (Phases I, II and III), pharmacoutilization research, meta-analy sis, and guidelines. A topic for discussion is represented by levels of evidence (LOE) of research, considered necessary for the transferral of therapeutic approaches to clinical practice. These involve production times of scientific research, and, in particular, the end-points deemed necessary by the appropriate regulatory bodies to permit the commercialization of drugs (problem of surrogate end-points). The interrelation between researchers and pharmaceutical companies has also recently become an object of reflection and research to find solutions that will guarantee both the independence of research and the legitimate needs of companies. A particularly important issue is the correct transmission of scientifically relevant data to the public by mass media sources. The communication of therapeutic advances obtained through research and scientific innovations should not lead to unrealistic expectations in the general population, which rather serve to weaken the already fragile relationship between the official world of oncology and the diverse universe of patients and their families.